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dc.contributor.advisorRandolph, Alan D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChang, Chiehming James.
dc.creatorChang, Chiehming James.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2011-10-31T17:27:10Z
dc.date.available2011-10-31T17:27:10Z
dc.date.issued1990en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10150/185083
dc.description.abstractThe precipitation of organic particles from supercritical fluids (SF) by expansion (SFX) has become an interesting alternative to milling without thermal decomposition. Through the rapid-expansion process, a dramatic change of the solute supersaturation ratio is created causing subsequent precipitation with a narrow particle size distribution. It was found that β-carotene precipitates from SF ethylene and ethane have the feed material crystallinity. However, SF CO₂ reacted with β -carotene and did not give characteristic β -carotene X-ray spectra. The mean particle sizes of these precipitates were in the submicron range (ca. 0.3 μm). Increased solubility was obtained by addition of toluene as co-solvent in SF ethylene. It was found that the mean size of β -carotene particles, generally remained unchanged if the toluene concentration was less than one and one-half mole percent. The GAS (Gas Anti-Solvent) process, wherein a high pressure gas is dissolved in a liquid solvent, thus precipitating a solid, has successfully been applied to recrystallize some difficult-to-comminute materials. It is essential to obtain the experimental solubility of the high pressure gas in the liquid solvent in order to model the GAS recrystallization process. A new method to measure compressed gas solubility and solvent expansion behavior was developed using a high precision densitometer. Theoretical predictions of phase equilibria and solubility of the compressed gas dissolved in the liquid solvent for three binary asymmetric systems was done in this study. Solids precipitation from liquid solvents, using dissolution of high pressure CO₂ as an anti-solvent to create supersaturation, is a potentially attractive crystallization process. Separation and purification of β -carotene mixtures was done in this study by this anti-solvent salting out technique. It was found that total carotene was successfully separated from epoxy oxides, as well as trans β -carotene from cis isomers. The separation can be carried out in batch or continuous modes. It is suggested that the purification (or fractionation) of an isomer mixture might be done using a mixed solvent if the desired compound dissolves in a highly expanded solvent and the undesired compound dissolves in a less expanded solvent.
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherThe University of Arizona.en_US
dc.rightsCopyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.en_US
dc.subjectAgricultureen_US
dc.subjectEngineeringen_US
dc.titleRecrystallization of organic compounds from supercritical fluids and high-pressure gas-expanded liquid solvents.en_US
dc.typetexten_US
dc.typeDissertation-Reproduction (electronic)en_US
dc.identifier.oclc708654292en_US
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Arizonaen_US
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen_US
dc.contributor.committeememberShadman, Farhangen_US
dc.contributor.committeememberGutzman, Robertoen_US
dc.contributor.committeememberDemer, Louis J.en_US
dc.contributor.committeememberRaghavan, Srinien_US
dc.identifier.proquest9028156en_US
thesis.degree.disciplineChemical Engineeringen_US
thesis.degree.disciplineGraduate Collegeen_US
thesis.degree.namePh.D.en_US
dc.description.noteThis item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
dc.description.admin-noteOriginal file replaced with corrected file August 2023.
refterms.dateFOA2018-05-18T02:10:27Z
html.description.abstractThe precipitation of organic particles from supercritical fluids (SF) by expansion (SFX) has become an interesting alternative to milling without thermal decomposition. Through the rapid-expansion process, a dramatic change of the solute supersaturation ratio is created causing subsequent precipitation with a narrow particle size distribution. It was found that β-carotene precipitates from SF ethylene and ethane have the feed material crystallinity. However, SF CO₂ reacted with β -carotene and did not give characteristic β -carotene X-ray spectra. The mean particle sizes of these precipitates were in the submicron range (ca. 0.3 μm). Increased solubility was obtained by addition of toluene as co-solvent in SF ethylene. It was found that the mean size of β -carotene particles, generally remained unchanged if the toluene concentration was less than one and one-half mole percent. The GAS (Gas Anti-Solvent) process, wherein a high pressure gas is dissolved in a liquid solvent, thus precipitating a solid, has successfully been applied to recrystallize some difficult-to-comminute materials. It is essential to obtain the experimental solubility of the high pressure gas in the liquid solvent in order to model the GAS recrystallization process. A new method to measure compressed gas solubility and solvent expansion behavior was developed using a high precision densitometer. Theoretical predictions of phase equilibria and solubility of the compressed gas dissolved in the liquid solvent for three binary asymmetric systems was done in this study. Solids precipitation from liquid solvents, using dissolution of high pressure CO₂ as an anti-solvent to create supersaturation, is a potentially attractive crystallization process. Separation and purification of β -carotene mixtures was done in this study by this anti-solvent salting out technique. It was found that total carotene was successfully separated from epoxy oxides, as well as trans β -carotene from cis isomers. The separation can be carried out in batch or continuous modes. It is suggested that the purification (or fractionation) of an isomer mixture might be done using a mixed solvent if the desired compound dissolves in a highly expanded solvent and the undesired compound dissolves in a less expanded solvent.


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