2024-03-28T15:19:31Zhttp://repository.arizona.edu/oai/requestoai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430292020-04-02T09:54:12Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Muller, Edward N.
author
HOFFMAN, THOMAS JOSEPH.
2011-09-23T16:07:46Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143029
686755876
8305984
The key question addressed by this study is: does religion promote political stability or political change? Andrew Greeley's theory of the religious imagination is adopted for the study of religion. Politics is seen as including all those actions and attitudes directed towards the influencing of the making and the execution of policy which deals with concerns in which all members of a society have an interest. These actions and attitudes take the form of either demands or support. The relationships between religion and politics are tested in a secondary analysis of data from an NORC study on religious values conducted in 1979. The American nationwide sample of Catholics and former Catholics aged 18 to 19 are examined. Models of hypothesized relationships are tested by using path analysis based on ordinary least-square regression. After the models are tested for Catholics, Catholic disidentifiers, males, females, Germans, Irish, and Italians. The results demonstrate that religion may, given the content of that religion, promote either political stability or political change. The influence of religion on politics is contingent upon the content of that religion, particularly upon the religious imagery held by the respondents. Conventional images of God for the most part increase levels of confidence in the political authorities. These images contribute to political stability. When religious imagery has an influence on the view that the church and its functionaries should articulate progressive socio-political demands it is warm religious imagery. Warm images of God can contribute to the promotion of political change. Conventional images of God, for males and Italians, contribute to higher levels of conventional political participation. Warm images of God, for females and Germans, also have a positive influence on conventional political participation. This study demonstrates the need to include religion as an important consideration to be examined in any inquiry into the generation of demands and supports into the political system. It also provides a framework for the investigation of religion's influence on politics in cross-national and cross-cultural research.
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Religion and politics -- United States
Religion and politics
RELIGION AND POLITICS: AN EMPIRICAL INQUIRY.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143029/1/azu_td_8305984_sip1_m.pdf
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143029/5/azu_td_8305984_sip1_m.pdf.txt
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430302020-04-02T11:10:10Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Rieber, Michael
author
OKECH, BENJAMIN AGGREY.
2011-09-23T16:07:51Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143030
686747933
8305990
The sulfur supply situation in the international market is expected to change considerably in the future. Previously, sulfur supply came from mineral deposits and depended on the availability of reserves and conditions in the industry. These mineable deposits have deteriorated as production costs increased, as result of exploiting lower-quality reserves, increases in energy consumption, and environment costs. In addition, less expensive, non-discretionary, abatement sulfur has emerged as a result of the enforcement of public environmental regulations, product market specifications, and transportation technologies which require the removal of sulfur from sulfur-bearing products. These developments are seen as molding the conditions in the international sulfur market of the future. The market is expected to be characterized by: (1) a potential for an abundant supply of low-cost market-insensitive sulfur; (2) the declining role of those resources which have been supplying relatively high-cost discretionary sulfur; and (3) a broader supply base in terms of both source type and geographical distribution. This study provides a future perspective of the non-communist international sulfur market in view of the emerging non-discretionary sulfur sources and the declining role of conventional sulfur sources. The international sulfur market is divided into ten regional markets, defined primarily by geographic location, production and consumption concentration. Supply is divided into: non-discretionary and discretionary sulfur. Supply and demand are projected primarily econometrically, and surplus or deficit regions are identified. Two types of projection methods are used: regression based and non-regression based. The choice of the method used for a region is based on: (1) the availability of historical data, and (2) how closely the past and future economics of a region are expected to be related. The conclusions of this study are: (1) on world basis, sulfur is expected to be in continued excess; (2) virtually all sulfur is expected to come from non-discretionary sources; (3) some regions are expected to have a supply deficit, most will have supply surpluses; (4) the co-existence of deficit and surplus regions will result in inter-regional or international trade. However, the resulting trade pattern will be quite different from the present pattern; (5) the basis for price determination and the relative levels are expected to change; and (6) discretionary sulfur will be permanently forced out of the market.
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Sulfur -- Supply and demand
Sulfur -- Economic aspects
THE INTERNATIONAL SULFUR MARKET: REGIONAL SUPPLY/DEMAND BALANCES, PROJECTIONS, AND IMPACTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR SULFUR.
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143030/4/azu_td_8305990_sip1_w.pdf
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143030/7/azu_td_8305990_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430312020-04-02T11:10:10Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Wilson, Herbert B.
author
SENNEVILLE, DONALD SHIPLEY.
2011-09-23T16:07:53Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143031
686758635
8305994
This study was conducted to determine if there are any significant differences among learning style profiles of selected secondary school students from three language groups in three nations: French-speaking Canada, Spanish-speaking Mexico, and English-speaking United States. An approach to the analysis of learning style was developed, based on three instruments: The Group Embedded Figures Test, a measure of cognitive style; The Internal-External I-E Scale, a measure of locus of control; and The Sherman-Kulhavy Laterality Assessment Inventory, a measure of cerebral dominance. The mean scores on these instruments formed a three figure numerical descriptor constituting a learning style profile for each group. To determine if certain demographic characteristics were significantly related to any of the three categories of learning style, a questionnaire was developed. The instruments were translated into French and Spanish, and administered to subjects in Quebec (City), Quebec, Canada; Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; and Tucson, Arizona, USA. It was hypothesized that the three groups did not differ significantly in any of the categories of learning style. The hypothesis was tested by three separate one-way analyses of variance applied to the mean scores for the three groups in each of the learning style categories. Correlation studies were done to determine if any demographic characteristics identified by the questionnaire were significantly related to the categories of learning style within and/or across the three groups. Tests were conducted to determine if there were any significant correlations among the categories of learning style. Important findings of the study were: (1) Subjects from Mexico differed significantly from those of Canada and the United States in the cognitive style category of learning style. (2) Age was significantly correlated with locus of control in subjects from Canada and the United States. This was not found with subjects from Mexico. (3) There was a significant correlation between cognitive style and locus of control in subjects from Canada and the United States. None was found in subjects from Mexico. Subjects from Canada and the United States exhibited strikingly similar learning style profiles.
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Learning, Psychology of
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT LEARNING STYLES IN CANADA, MEXICO, AND THE UNITED STATES.
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143031/1/azu_td_8305994_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430322020-04-02T11:09:37Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Mount, David
author
GINSBURG, HERSHEL.
2011-09-23T16:07:54Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143032
683261124
8304718
The lexA protein in E. coli is a specific repressor of the recA gene. The lexA protein is cleaved by the recA protein in response to DNA damage. Cleavage derepresses the recA gene resulting in high level synthesis of recA protein and the expression of other DNA damage inducible functions (SOS functions). The lexA3 mutation makes the lexA protein resistant to cleavage and thus inhibits expression of DNA damage inducible functions. A mutant of E. coli has been isolated which exhibits many of the properties expected of a strain carrying an operator-constitutive mutation in the recA gene. The mutation partially suppresses the UV sensitivity of lexA3 strains, maps near the recA structural gene, allows constitutive synthesis of the recA protein and the recA message, and is cis-acting. Strains carrying the recAo('c) mutation were used to study the role of amplified levels of recA protein in the expression of certain SOS functions. The recAo('c) mutation did not suppress the UV inhibitory effect of the lexA3 mutation on the expression of UV induced cellular mutagenesis, and the reactivation and mutagenesis of UV irradiated phage (lamda). The expression of these functions in lexA('+) strains was not enhanced by the recAo('c) mutation. Constitutive recA synthesis did not result in lethal filamentous growth. These results are consistent with those reported elsewhere that the expression of SOS function is not dependent on high levels of recA protein and that the various "SOS genes" are repressed by the lexA protein as is the recA gene. Thus, recA protein is required in SOS expression for the inactivation of lexA protein and recA amplification is a consequence, not a cause of SOS expression. The DNA sequence of the recA operator region from a (lamda)precA transducing phage thought to carry the recAo('c) mutation isolated here, was determined. No difference was detected between the supposed mutant DNA and wild type controls. The significance of these results and the possibility that the recAo('c) mutation was not transferred to the phage are discussed.
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DNA repair
Escherichia coli -- Genetics
THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OPERATOR CONSTITUTIVE MUTATION IN THE RECA GENE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430332023-03-29T01:15:23Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Bourque, Don
author
CAPEL, MALCOLM SEELY.
2011-09-23T16:07:55Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143033
686761461
8303381
Chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomes have been isolated from a number of species of the angiosperm genus Nicotiana. Ribosomal subunit and monosome proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Resultant two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins were processed by a computer algorithm, developed to formally compare different electrophoretic patterns by the construction of two-dimensional, conformal average electrophoretic mobility maps. The chloroplast ribosomal subunit of N. tabacum contains 22-24 distinct basic polypeptides (pI > 5) and 2-3 acidic proteins (pI < 5). The 50S chloroplast ribosomal subunit possesses at least 1 acidic and 33-35 basic proteins. 40S and 60S cytoplasmic ribosomal subunits of the same species have 26-30 and 47-50 basic polypeptides, respectively. Molecular weights of chloroplast ribosomal proteins (ChRP) and cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins (CyRP) were estimated. There was little similarity between the 2D electrophoretic patterns of ChRP and CyRP of N. tabacum. However, 2D-PAGE patterns of N. tabacum ChRP and CyRP were qualitatively isomorphous with homologous patterns of Chlamydomonas reinhardi, pea and spinach. In terms of molecular weight and electrophoretic pattern N. tabacum ChRP were found to be more closely affiliated with prokaryotic ribosomal proteins than with CyRP from the same species. ChRP were isolated from N. gossei (an Australian species) and its reciprocol interspecies hybrids with N. tabacum (denoted by: T x G and G x T). Interspecies polymorphisms between homologous N. tabacum and N. gossei ChRP were delineated by computerized mobility mapping and co-electrophoresis of radiolabeled N. tabacum ChRP with a large molar excess of N. gossei ChRP. The inheritance mode (Mendelian vs. maternal) of a number of well-defined interspecies ChRP polymorphisms was determined by co-electrophoresis of radioiodinated N. tabacum ChRP with T x G and G x T hybrid ChRP. Results indicate that at least 4 30S ChRP and 3 50S ChRP are encoded by nuclear genes. 30S ChRP from an N. tabacum line carrying a maternally-inherited streptomycin-resistance mutation (SR-1) were compared to N. tabacum 30S ChRP by mobility mapping. Two differences were established between the SR-1 and wild-type 30S ChRP average mobility maps. These findings correlate with the reduced affinity of SR-1 30S chloroplast ribosomal subunits for ('3)H-dihydrostreptomycin, and show that at least one 30S ChRP is encoded by chloroplast DNA. Preparative 2D-PAGE and reverse high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) separation techniques for complex ribosomal protein mixtures were developed. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI
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Proteins – Analysis
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Tobacco. Tobacco
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
CHARACTERIZATION AND GENOMIC PARTITIONING OF CHLOROPLAST RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS FROM HIGHER PLANTS (NICOTIANA, TABACUM).
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143033/2/azu_td_8303381_sip1_c.pdf.txt
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430342020-04-02T10:33:51Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Smith, Kenneth J.
author
SMITH, ANNE LOUISE.
committeemember
Valmont, William J.
committeemember
Goodman, Yetta
committeemember
Metre, Patricia Van
2011-09-23T16:07:56Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143034
686761404
8306457
The purpose of this study was to compare the written responses of skilled and less skilled readers to either an original or an adapted story, and the written responses of less skilled readers to either an original or an adapted short story. Data were compared relative to three areas: (1) statistical analysis of frequency of clausal units, and categorization of clausal units according to recall, inference, and supplementation; (2) statistical analysis of selected elements of the short story, specifically, setting, characterization, plot, and theme; and (3) descriptive analysis of frequent responses within each subcategory. Ninth grade students designated as skilled and less skilled readers by scores on the California Achievement Test formed two distinct sample populations. Subjects were randomly assigned to read either an original short story or an adaptation of the same story and write all they could recall, including selected elements of the short story, namely, setting, characterization, plot, and theme. Findings indicated that in terms of frequency of clausal units and categorization of clausal units, the responses of skilled readers to the original story contained significantly more clausal units and inference statements than the responses of less skilled readers. The responses of less skilled readers to the adapted story contained significantly more clausal units and inference statements than the responses of less skilled readers to the original story. Additionally, in their responses to elements of the short story, skilled readers differed significantly from less skilled readers for both the original and the adapted story with respect to characterization, plot, and theme. The responses of less skilled readers to the adapted story contained significantly more plot statements than the responses of the less skilled readers to the original story. Results point to the use of adapted stories with less skilled readers; however, caution must be used in arriving at such a conclusion since this study did not include qualitative interpretation of responses or other response measures such as reader interest and enjoyment.
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Reading -- Ability testing
THE RESPONSES OF SKILLED AND LESS SKILLED NINTH GRADE READERS TO AN ORIGINAL OR AN ADAPTED STORY.
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430352020-04-02T10:02:01Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Leslie, Larry
author
FITZGERALD, PHYLLIS ANN.
2011-09-23T16:07:58Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143035
686747748
8305980
The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine unit instructional costs and analyze the extent to which these costs differed in selected baccalaureate-level professional programs in a public Research I university. Interest also focused on the internal and external forces that impact on instructional costs in these programs. Double-digit inflation, declining state revenues, and projected enrollment decline have prompted legislators to ask (1) Why are increased appropriations for higher education needed, when enrollment projections indicate a decline? (2) Where in the public sector will the state realize the maximum benefit from any new dollars expended? Robinson, Ray, and Turk's environmental, volume, and decision forces that impact on cost behavior served as the analytical framework for this study. Presumed cost sources were identified, and costs were categorized into direct and indirect components. The research design included four phases of data collection; data collected provided responses to research questions concerning unit instructional costs in selected professional programs. Total costs per upper-division student credit hours in 1980-81 were highest for pharmaceutical science, followed by nursing, mining/geological engineering, architecture, civil engineering, secondary education, and accounting. Spearman rank correlation coefficients resulted in a -.86 correlation between average costs per student credit hour and student-faculty ratios, and a +.88 correlation between average costs per student credit hour and number of credits required for graduation. Interview responses by program administrators indicated that internal groups impacted more heavily on program policy issues overall than did external groups or organizations. The literature indicated that the accrediting agency was the only external force with substantial and consistent bearing on costs. The major conclusion drawn from this study was that, in relative terms, costs are very stable. Administrators must tailor a system of cost analysis that assesses the potential impact of proposed policy changes on program costs.
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Universities and colleges -- Finance
COMPARATIVE INSTRUCTIONAL COSTS IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430362020-04-02T13:02:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
ESTRADA, NAOMI ESQUIVEL.
chair
Barnes, William D.
2011-09-23T16:07:59Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143036
686731915
8305977
This investigation sought the perceptions of a selected group of border-educated Mexican American community leaders regarding their curriculum preferences for Mexican American students of the community. The investigation was structured on the basis of a three-part theoretical framework drawn from the literature of psychology and education. The theory included the following: (1) Perceptual Psychology, (2) Philosophies of Education, and (3) Curriculum Considerations. An interview schedule organized on the basis of the theoretical framework was developed based on the Experimentalist, Conservative and Reconstructionist philosophies of education. These twenty Mexican American community leaders were interviewed in depth by the present investigator regarding their curriculum preferences for Mexican American students in their community. Among the findings, the following curriculum preferences indicated by the Mexican American community leaders appeared particularly significant: (1) Mexican American students should have the opportunity to have instruction in their native language throughout their educational careers; (2) Mexican American students should have the opportunity to experience a wide variety of positive personal relationships in the classroom and the school to strengthen their self-regard and confidence throughout their educational careers; (3) Mexican American students should have the opportunity to learn in a classroom environment where harmony between the intellectual and the emotional is continuously sought throughout their educational careers; (4) Mexican American students should have the opportunity to use their personal interests as points of departure for their learning throughout their educational careers; (5) Mexican American students, in order to be active and effective participants in society, should have the opportunity to acquire the leadership-cooperation skills of planning, thinking and deciding throughout their educational careers.
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Mexican American leadership -- Arizona – Tucson
Mexican Americans -- Education
SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM PREFERENCES OF MEXICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY LEADERS.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430372020-04-02T13:02:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Hendrickson, John
author
SIEGEL-CAUSEY, DOUGLAS.
committeemember
Manrique, F. A.
committeemember
Schreiber, J. F.
committeemember
Miller, W. B.
2011-09-23T16:08:00Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143037
683269332
8304727
The plankton community of the Gulf of California exist in a transition region from oceanic to neritic habitats, tropical to warm-temperature waters that is strongly influenced by a complex hydrography and bathymetry. Hyperiid Amphipods were chosen as a focus of this study to elucidate the various forces that shape the distributions of the entire community. To test how strongly hyperiids select water of a particular type (the "Water Mass" hypothesis), multiple regression analysis was applied to species' distributions and station hydrography. The quantitative results indicate that there is a strong relation between the distribution of a given hyperiid and the location of discrete water bodies in the Gulf of California. Three linked gyral currents, powered by a tidally-driven interval wave have been hypothesized to influence phytoplankton distributions in the Gulf. Through both qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis, these gyres are shown to be quite important in structuring species' distributions and have a strong effect on the character of the Gulf hydrography. Significant change in community diversity are found to occur only at the boundaries of these gyres. Many authors consider hyperiid amphipods as obligate parasites upon gelatinous zooplankton, and not worthy of distributional analyses. Both qualitative and quantitative test of this hypothesized relationship between hyperiid and "host" offer little support for the concept of hyperiid amphipods as parasites. Instead, there is considerable evidence that hyperiids are "substrate-bound," as are most amphipods, and use gelatinous zooplankton as facultative, transient hosts. Being able to switch hosts as desired, hyperiids can select for optimum conditions, and can serve to model the zooplankton community as a whole.
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All rights reserved.
Hyperiidae
Marine plankton -- Mexico -- California, Gulf of
Plankton populations
Amphipoda -- Mexico -- California, Gulf of
FACTORS DETERMINING THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYPERIID AMPHIPODA IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430382020-04-02T13:02:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
HESS, DAN WORTHAM.
committeemember
Hawkins, Clark A.
committeemember
Dhaliwal, Dan S.
committeemember
Wert, James E.
2011-09-23T16:08:01Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143038
686752854
8305983
The purpose of this study is to investigate the daily return behavior of underlying common stocks in the period surrounding the option expiration date. A second purpose is to determine the variables that may be causing the differential capital market effect across firms. The hypothesis of a negative return effect in the expiration week followed by a positive effect in the subsequent week is tested first. It is shown that this pattern should be expected due to the enhanced opportunity for and profitability of position unwinding, arbitrage and manipulation activity as the expiration date approached. The study period covers 32 expiration periods from 1978 through 1981 and involves a sample of 138 underlying stocks. The study employs the market model for generating abnormal returns on a daily basis. The results support the hypothesis and in particular show that the most significant negative return behavior occurs on Thursday and Friday of the expiration week. The second phase of the study correlates, via a cross-sectional multiple regression model, the suggested expiration induced events of position unwinding, arbitrage and manipulation activities with the return behavior of the underlying stocks. It is hypothesized that those common stocks which exhibit the greatest negative returns in the expiration week are those stocks and related call options that are most heavily involved in position unwinding, arbitrage and manipulation activities. Trading volume in both the underlying stock and the options is suggested as a surrogate for these three activities. Therefore, volume is negatively related to underlying stock returns. Two additional explanatory variables of the expiration week returns are included in the regression model. A negative relationship is hypothesized if options are dually listed and a positive relationship if puts are traded. The results of the tests generally support these hypothesized functional relationships. The study concludes that, although significant abnormal returns and explanatory variables are found, the magnitudes are probably not large enough to profitably exploit after paying transaction and search costs. As puts trading appears to offset the market inefficiencies caused by call option trading, the concern of regulators that options trading unduly affects stock prices seems unwarranted.
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Stocks – Prices
Option (Contract)
Options (Finance)
Stock price forecasting
THE IMPACT OF OPTION EXPIRATION ON UNDERLYING STOCK PRICES AND THE DETERMINANTS OF THE SIZE OF THE IMPACT.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143038/4/azu_td_8305983_sip1_w.pdf
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MD5
5ec4de7d687fb40e90a53844353e59a6
5470143
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143038/7/azu_td_8305983_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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MD5
cc2ce8640838369f5a14001728786ce8
146535
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430392020-04-02T13:04:21Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Oehrle, Richard
author
NISHIO, HIROKO.
2011-09-23T16:08:03Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143039
686732167
8305989
In Japanese linguistics, multiple nominative sentences, passives and causatives have been widely discussed both in the fields of traditional grammar and generative grammar. Some arguments, mainly in generative grammar, are overviewed; and some counterarguments are presented. Furthermore, these constructions, which have been treated separately from each other in the grammar, are discussed together. Some interactions of these constructions, which have various types, are shown, with focus on one particular type in each construction. This particular type involves a relationship of two NPs, namely, an NPx -no NP relationship (NP's NP). In addition, with the utilization of bound morphemes such as sase (the causative morpheme), the lexical approach, which is a recent trend in generative grammar, is taken and defended.
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Japanese language – Syntax
MULTIPLE NOMINATIVE AND ADVERSITY CONSTRUCTIONS IN JAPANESE.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143039/4/azu_td_8305989_sip1_w.pdf
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MD5
e441c2369b7d5094b68aaf9a8e53cd33
8119489
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143039/7/azu_td_8305989_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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MD5
1ee384c5151968a640e67f3687840415
316590
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430402020-04-02T08:24:25Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
SPENCER, MARILYN KAY SCHWARTZ.
2011-09-23T16:08:04Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143040
686761425
8306458
The overall objective of the research was to study the job search of Hispanics. This included an assessment of unemployment duration, postunemployment wages, and reported minimum acceptance wages of Hispanics, distinguished by Spanish surname, compared to non-Hispanic whites, referred to as Anglos, to ascertain whether there may be personal or job market characteristics that explain observed differences. The differences that were examined indicate program changes and additional programs to make job search outcomes of Hispanics more like those of Anglos. Three models of job search under conditions of imperfect information were utilized. These models of expected unemployment duration, expected postunemployment wages, and actual minimum acceptance wages were run separately for Hispanics and Anglos and in pooled regressions with an ethnic dummy variable and ethnic interaction variables. Differences in slope and intercept coefficients were tested for statistical significance. The data were collected for the Unemployment Insurance (UI) Benefit Adequacy Study of the Arizona Department of Economic Security. This survey contains information relating to the job search and financial status of 3347 UI beneficiaries in Arizona. This study first focused on 110 Hispanics and 1031 Anglos who found new employment and subsequently on a randomly selected sample of 449 Anglos and 51 Hispanics that included individuals who did not accept reemployment during the survey period as well as those who did. Differences in job search outcomes between Hispanics and Anglos appeared to be caused by personal characteristics, specifically age, education, career choices, and method of coping with necessary and obligated expenses while unemployed. Supplemental programs that enhance the job search effectiveness of Hispanics are in order, including career counseling, programs that keep Hispanics in school longer, educating Hispanics about alternatives for coping with financial burdens while unemployed or programs to ease those burdens, and the adoption by the state of Arizona of a program whereby UI benefits increase with the number of dependents.
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Mexican Americans – Arizona
Unemployment -- Arizona
JOB SEARCH AND POSTUNEMPLOYMENT WAGES OF HISPANICS.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143040/1/azu_td_8306458_sip1_m.pdf
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331930c22859537f6a27b3e79429c14c
5619074
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143040/5/azu_td_8306458_sip1_m.pdf.txt
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MD5
9f85a1cf9bdce93aa4c2708eb5748ea0
269200
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430412020-04-02T13:03:54Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
ARIYO, ADEMOLA.
chair
Soloman, Ira
committeemember
Ferrell, William R.
committeemember
Summers, George W.
committeemember
Vickrey, Don
committeemember
Waller, William
2011-09-23T16:08:05Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143041
683271998
8305971
The auditors' preliminary analytical review procedures (PARPs) have recently received increased attention in the accounting literature, because of the growing realization that PARPs may significantly enhance audit effectiveness and efficiency. Although both judgmental and statistical PARPs (JARPs and SARPs respectively) are recognized in the professional literature, earlier research has concentrated exclusively on statistical ARPs (SARPs). This research bias is inappropriate, given that SARPs merely supplement, but do not replace, auditor-judgments in PARPs. Enhancement of audit effectiveness and efficiency requires, therefore, evidence bearing on several aspects of auditors' PARPs judgments. This dissertation uses a model based on Signal Detection Theory to provide evidence relating to the following aspects of auditors' PARPs judgments: (a) judgmental accuracy, (b) decision errors, (c) implicit loss functions, and (d) information required to facilitate PARPs judgments. The major findings of the study were: (1) auditors can make reasonably accurate AR judgments on the basis of limited information available at the onset of an audit; (2) their responses were affected by judgmental biases, with a propensity to flag for intensive audit account book values which are fairly presented; (3) the auditors' judgments were miscalibrated, being mostly overconfident; and (4) simple ARPs such as ratio analysis, scanning, and comparisons amongst data, are those preferred by auditors for their PARPs judgments. This study's findings suggest the need to identify the causes, and subsequently mitigate the effects, of judgment biases before the potential of auditors' AR judgments at enhancing audit effectiveness and efficiency can be fully realized.
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Auditing
A SIGNAL DETECTION ANALYSIS OF AUDITORS' ANALYTICAL REVIEW JUDGMENTS.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143041/1/azu_td_8305971_sip1_m.pdf
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25fb60959b988eb0bc38b2e15d855b8a
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143041/5/azu_td_8305971_sip1_m.pdf.txt
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0fff3a544f0f2b1608fc40c982d1363b
289628
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430422020-04-02T08:42:34Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
Dunn, Thurman Stanley
2011-09-23T16:08:06Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143042
686744739
8305976
A methodology is proposed for optimizing the allocation of resources in the detection of computer fraud. The methodology consists of four major segments. First, a threat assessment is performed. A general threat assessment is provided which relies upon reported incidents of computer fraud. Then, recognizing the limitations of computer fraud reporting, a specific threat assessment technique is provided which is based entirely on the characteristics of a given computer system. Both the general and specific threat assessment techniques use a matrix approach which evaluates and assigns threat values by type of computer fraud and perpetrator. Second, a Detection Quotient is established which measures the effectiveness of computer fraud detection resource allocation for all of the possible combinations of computer fraud types and perpetrators. However, for many computer systems, the large number of possible resource allocation alternatives results in a Combinatorial Dilemma whereby the phenomenally large number of alternatives precludes comprehensive analysis. This leads to the third major segment of the dissertation, a General Solution to the Combinatorial Dilemma which ensures an alternative very near the optimum while evaluating only an extremely small percentage of possible alternatives. Fourth, a Resource Optimization Model is provided which, beginning with the results of the Threat Assessment, iteratively assigns varying levels of computer fraud detection resources to different fraud type and perpetrator combinations. Using the general solution to the Combinatorial Dilemma and the Detection Quotient as a measure of the effectiveness of each combination, the model produces a statistically defensible near optimum allocation of available resources to computer fraud detection. Also provided are the results of the research into reported cases of fraud in the form of a Typology. This Typology combines frequency of occurrence and dollar impact of reported cases of fraud into a measure of vulnerability for various types of fraud and perpetrator. Finally, an overview of investigative techniques and automated tools for evaluating the propriety of computer systems is provided.
en_US
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Computer crimes
Electronic data processing departments -- Security measures
Computers -- Access control
METHODOLOGY FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF RESOURCES IN THE DETECTION OF COMPUTER FRAUD
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143042/4/azu_td_8305976_sip1_w.pdf
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b867b8ae0886177b5e286e9817c7f1fc
5872447
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143042/7/azu_td_8305976_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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MD5
a493d76ee434e43b67388fe0eaa7c567
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430432023-07-21T01:18:28Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
POLAKOS, PAUL ANTHONY.
2011-09-23T16:08:07Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143043
683265812
8304726
Measurements of the differential cross sections for backward (pi)('+)p and (pi)('-)p elastic scattering have been made for incident pion momenta between 30 and 90 GeV/c in the angular range 0 ) p(pi)('-), the (DELTA)(,(delta)) and N(,(alpha)) for (pi)('+)p (--->) p(pi)('+). As is given by this model, the momentum dependence of the differential cross-section, d(sigma)/du for fixed u, may be parameterized with the form (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) The values n('+) = 2.31 (+OR-) 0.07 and n('-) = 2.08 (+OR-) 0.06 are obtained for n at u = 0 for (pi)('+) and (pi)('-) scattering respectively.
en_US
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Backscattering
Cross sections (Nuclear physics)
Pions -- Scattering
Scattering (Physics)
Regge trajectories
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PION-PROTON BACKWARD ELASTIC SCATTERING BETWEEN 30 AND 90 GEV/C.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143043/1/azu_td_8304726_sip1_c.pdf
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MD5
5c371679aa773effc69431b9cb94b238
3038922
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143043/2/azu_td_8304726_sip1_c.pdf.txt
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8840bdac0d654d872aee49632d416e4f
84594
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430442023-03-30T01:21:45Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
HOFFMAN, PAUL DENNIS.
2011-09-23T16:08:08Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143044
683259532
8304719
This investigation was concerned with the relationships between the superintendent of schools, the board of education, and the local teachers' professional organization in Tucson School District One for the period 1941-1978. Because it was the largest school district in the state of Arizona, as well as one of the largest in the United States, School District One may be considered a microcosm of many older school districts throughout the country. Many problems encountered by District One for the first time during the late 1960s and 1970s had been experienced by other large school districts in earlier decades. The relationships between the school board, superintendents, and the local teacher organization moved through three distinct phases in the years covered by this study. The first phase was a period of consensus during the years when Robert D. Morrow was superintendent of the school district. The second phase, under the administration of Morrow's successor, Thomas L. Lee, was one of transition. The harmonious relationships between the superintendent, trustees, and teachers' organization began to become strained. The third phase, under Wilbur Lewis, Lee's successor, was characterized by conflict and ended in a teacher strike in 1978. During the years 1941-1978, the superintendents' relationships with both the school board and the teacher association changed from that of close cooperation to one of increasing hostility. Among the school board members themselves, little effective dissent existed prior to 1972. In that year, the first of two major critics of the school trustees was elected to office. When she was joined on the board in 1975 by the second dissenter, the community realized that the era of cooperation and quiet disagreement was at an end. The local teachers' organization, the Tucson Education Association (TEA), began in 1917 as little more than a social and educational arm of the school district. As the teacher groups nationally became more militant in the 1960s, the TEA developed a more aggressive attitude towards educational and professional conditions in Tucson. In 1978, relationships within the school district had deteriorated to such a degree that two of the most dramatic incidents in the school district's history occurred: the teacher strike in October, and the resignation of the superintendent the following December. Years later, the effects of these two events could still be observed.
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School board-superintendent relationships
School superintendents and principals -- Arizona -- Tucson
Tucson Unified School District – History
TUCSON SCHOOL DISTRICT #1, 1941-1978: A STUDY IN RELATIONSHIPS.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143044/1/azu_td_8304719_sip1_c.pdf
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2bd5ef8e8a02d39e56da46a9ce54166f
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143044/2/azu_td_8304719_sip1_c.pdf.txt
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00f80a115bff2ec0a9a1aaf7fd79526f
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430452020-04-02T08:49:08Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Clark, Donald C.
author
Holzmiller, Robert Joseph
committeemember
Allen, Paul M.
committeemember
Barnes, William Donald
committeemember
Gose, Kenneth
2011-09-23T16:08:10Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143045
686732152
8305985
The purpose of this study was to (1) ascertain the perceptions of teachers using volunteer aids and (2) to investigate the effect use of volunteer aids have on student achievement when comparing anticipated achievement with actual academic achievement. The population for this study included the teachers at Sahuarita Elementary School and students from both Sahuarita Elementary School and Sopori Elementary School in the Sahuarita Unified School District No. 30 system at Sahuarita, Arizona. From these groups, all teachers at Sahuarita Elementary School were used in the sample study and one class from each grade level, two to five, from each school was selected to be representative of the total grade level. Faculty members from Sahuarita Elementary School were given an opinion questionnaire constructed to indicate teacher effectiveness as a result of using volunteer aides. The teachers from Sopori elementary School were not given the opinion questionnaire because they did not utilize the services of volunteer aides. The Volunteer Aide Teacher Opinion Questionnaire was validated by using Aiken's Index of Content Validity and the information gathered on it was analyzed by a simple tally method. The mean scores of teacher responses were graphically illustrated on a profile chart. Classrooms of students were selected, one from each grade level, two to five, and were administered the Short Form Test of Academic Aptitude and the California Achievement Test at both Sahuarita Elementary School and at Sopori Elementary School. From the data collected, linear regressions utilizing residuals were graphically constructed for each class of students in the control and experimental groups. Significant levels of student achievement were noted based on analysis of variance of potential vs. performance. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.), sex and ethnic background were investigated to determine cause and effect relationships and for future investigative research.
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Volunteer workers in education
Teachers' assistants -- Arizona -- Sahuarita
Elementary school teachers
USING VOLUNTEER AIDES IN A K-5 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143045/6/azu_td_8305985_sip1_w.pdf
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9bc00b4088ff1708e6df4ee4759c724d
4549863
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143045/7/azu_td_8305985_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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MD5
4de449565d835f6c78917a848825a61e
221987
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430462020-04-02T11:40:38Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
ZWIER, THOMAS ALAN.
2011-09-23T16:08:12Z
1981
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143046
683271987
8304729
The stationary phase on chemically modified supports for liquid chromatography is described as a mixture of the surface-bonded species, the active unmodified surface, and associated mobile phase components. Each of these three factors in stationary phase formation is examined and improved qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the stationary phase are provided. The role of the active unmodified surface was examined by synthesizing a carbon support and chemically modifying it with octyl groups. The modified carbon had a greater affinity for lipophilic probes than an octyl silica. The lipophilicity of the octyl carbon was attenuated relative to the unmodified carbon. The physical state of the bonded species in C(,18) and C(,8) packings was studied using carbon-13 NMR. Peak widths of 2-7 ppm indicated a liquid-like nature but with restricted movement. Only the 7 to 10 carbons in a C(,18) chain farthest from the surface were sufficiently motile to produce a signal. The C(,8) packing showed more rigid chains with only the top 3 or 4 carbons responding. The liquid-like nature of a C(,18) chain increased with the lipophilic character of the solvent, indicating that solvation of the bonded species was directly related to the mobile phase composition. Changes in temperature had little effect on the physical state of the bonded species, but chromatographic enthalpy measurements showed that changes in stationary phase composition could be induced by warming the column and held by subsequent cooling. Quantitative measurements of stationary phase compositions revealed linear distribution isotherms for the organic modifiers methanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran. Chromatographic selectivities for homologous n-alkanols correlated linearly with organic modifier concentrations in the stationary phases. The stationary phase volumes, which increased with increasing modifier concentrations, are interpreted as constituting filling of the pores in the support with a gradient of modifier enrichment toward the surface.
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Liquid chromatography
Carbon compounds
Surface chemistry
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPOSITION OF THE BONDED STATIONARY PHASE IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143046/6/azu_td_8304729_sip1_w.pdf
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704d0c3ff20dc4f37cbfa38f89879c5f
3808309
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143046/7/azu_td_8304729_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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b969cf0df7c120b2ff422994b653bdef
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430472020-04-02T13:04:52Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
REESE, WILLIAM ALVIN, II.
committeemember
Leonard, Bob
committeemember
Yoshino, Roger
committeemember
Miller, Jerry
committeemember
Bergesen, Al
2011-09-23T16:08:13Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143047
686747951
8305993
This study investigates black-white status inequality as an explication of central city residential segregation interregionally in 1960 and 1970. Using the popular index of dissimilarity (delta) to quantify educational, occupational and income inequality, it was found that the South was more unequal than the North, but much less so in 1970. Moreover, the level of Southern inequality was more the product of white advantage and the level of Northern inequality results more from significant black disadvantage than is commonly thought. While inequality in both the North and South varies greatly among cities, the sources of inequality were not stable over time nor across regions, as status dissimilarity was more a high status event in the North and in 1970. Since delta, as a nominal measure, is insensitive to such divergent sources of inequality, it was discounted for comparative research. Gini, an ordinal statistic, was also found inadequate in detecting these changes in what status inequality means. Therefore, a interval/ratio index, tridelta, was constructed for accurate interregional and cross time contrasts of status inequality. Furthermore, it was shown that delta measures racial differences as inequality, gini detects degrees of absolute deprivation and tridelta is a quantification of relative deprivation. Using status to explain residential segregation since 1940, showed that status is a weak, but increasingly important, determinant of the nation's cities' levels of segregation. Surprisingly, the North showed less status influence on segregation and closer congruence to 1940 and 1950 levels of segregation than did the South in 1960 and 1970, despite index employed. Occupational dissimilarity, not deprivation, was important in explaining segregation. In contrast, educational and to a lesser extent, income deprivation (relative in the South and absolute in the North) was important, although in the North, education's effect was unexplainedly inverse. Since the South was found to have a more egalitarian housing market, it was suggested that perhaps black status gains have been more visible in the South and that "the American dilemma" may be more salient there. Whatever, the South approaches parity with the North.
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African Americans – Housing
Social status
Occupations -- United States
African Americans -- Employment -- United States
Discrimination in housing -- United States
RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND STATUS INEQUALITY: REGIONAL VARIATION.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143047/6/azu_td_8305993_sip1_w.pdf
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982b19a531fc3f71ac82c435fbba0652
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143047/7/azu_td_8305993_sip1_w.pdf.txt
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430482020-04-02T13:05:43Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Wilson, Herbert
author
CARRIERE, WILLIAM JOSEPH.
2011-09-23T16:08:15Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143048
683272621
8305973
The major tenets of teacher pre-service education enumerated by John Baptist de La Salle, Founder of the Brothers of the Christian Schools in 1680, and modified and approved in the current documents of the General Chapter, were compared with current teacher pre-service education programs of selected Christian Brothers' Colleges in the United States. This study included an analysis of the philosophical and historical tenets of Lasallian pre-service teacher education, on-site field work, and interviews with educational leaders at selected Christian Brothers' Colleges. Four colleges were selected: Manhattan College, Bronx, New York; La Salle College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lewis University, Lockport, Illinois; and St. Mary's College of California, Moraga, California. The college catalogues, accreditation reports where possible, and any other published documentation on the teacher pre-service education programs provided by the selected colleges and Provincial and General Chapter Guidelines were subjected to content and descriptive analysis. Field collected data from the observations and scheduled interviews were subjected to content analysis by categories and placed in juxtaposition with the Lasallian tenets and philosophy of teacher pre-service education. The data were subjected to a balanced comparison, indicating equivalency, or a descriptive comparison, indicating no equivalency (Noah and Eckstein, 1969). According to the analysis of data, there is some correspondence between the Lasallian tenets of teacher preservice education and the current programs of teacher preservice education at the selected colleges in the areas of professional education and certification requirements. The Brothers receive a different training in their pre-service teacher education programs. These Brothers receive course work in the life and pedagogy of John Baptist de La Salle. Lay teachers at the selected colleges receive no training in the philosophy, methodology, and spirituality of John Baptist de La Salle. At present, little effort is being made to educate teachers for Catholic schools and particularly for schools conducted by the Christian Brothers. Implications were discussed and related to the design and conclusions of the study. Recommendations were made for further study.
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Teachers -- Training of -- United States
Teachers colleges -- United States
Christian Brothers -- United States
THE CORRESPONDENCE OF LASALLIAN PHILOSOPHY AND TEACHER EDUCATION IN SELECTED CHRISTIAN BROTHERS' COLLEGES.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430492023-04-05T01:20:48Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
MCFADDEN, LESLIE DAVID.
chair
Bull, William B.
committeemember
Post, Don
committeemember
Long, Austin
committeemember
Haynes, Vance
2011-09-23T16:08:17Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143049
683261924
8304724
Several soil chronosequences were studied in southern California to determine the relative impacts of time and climatic change on soil genesis. Studying soil development in climatic regimes that vary from the moist, xeric climate of the coastal basins and Transverse Ranges to the hot, arid climate of the interior deserts of southern California provide data useful for evaluation of the impact of climatic change as well as time on pedogenesis. Seven distinctive stages of soil development are recognized in the study area. The first three occur in Holocene soils, and the last four are associated with late to mid-Pleistocene geomorphic surfaces. A distinct pattern of secondary soil mineral authigenesis is observed in increasingly older soils. The rapid formation of vermiculite and iron oxyhydroxides in xeric climates is attributed to rapid alteration of unstable Fe-bearing aluminosilicates. Continuous weathering of abundant feldspars results in a predominance of neogenetic kaolinite in mid-Pleistocene soils. Slightly acidic to mildly alkaline soil pH, rapid hydrolysis, and availablity of organic complexes result in formation of significant amounts of metastable ferrihydrite in young Holocene and late Pleistocene soils. Ferrihydrite dehydration and crystal aggregation result in hematite formation and increasingly lower Fe(,2)O(,3)o:Fe(,2)O(,3)d ratios. Arid climatic regimes are conductive to minimal chemical weathering. Clay/iron oxhydroxide regression analyses and mass balance calculations show that much of the silicate clay and secondary carbonate have been derived from external sources rather than by chemical weathering. Clay mineral authigenesis is characterized primarily by conversion of montmorillonite to palygorskite. A compartmental model developed in this study accurately predicts calcic horizon development under Holocene soil water balance characteristics. Results of model predictions indicate that the distribution of carbonate observed in latest Pleistocene soils is related to past changes in climate. In addition, mass balance calculations suggest that large decreases in chemical reaction rates in soils due to soil temperature decreases may well be offset by increases in the magnitude of weathering. However, the results of this study indicate that calcium carbonate provides the most sensitive index of past climates when compared to other indices and that temporal change in climate has significantly influenced soil development in southern California.
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Soil formation -- California, Southern
Paleopedology -- California, Southern
Climatic geomorphology -- California, Southern
Soils and climate -- California, Southern
THE IMPACTS OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CLIMATIC CHANGES ON ALLUVIAL SOILS GENESIS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430502023-04-26T01:32:41Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
CREECHAN, JAMES JOHN HENRY.
2011-09-23T16:08:18Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143050
686747978
8306452
This dissertation critically analyzes control theories of delinquency, but concentrates on Hirschi's version. The bonds of control reduce to two concepts, "belief" and "attachment," since "involvement" and "commitment" appear to be redundant. An analysis of the dimensionality of both belief and attachment is made in order to provide indicators to test control theory, but no adequate empirical means of reduction is found. A review of deterrence and an analysis of the meaning of sanctions suggest that "fear of sanctions" should also be tested in a control framework, but in order to accomplish this it is necessary to make the distinction between cognitive measures of fear and emotional measures of fear. A measure, "anxiety," based on emotional response is tested and located in a passive aversive conditioning framework. Consideration is also given to the institutional referents of "fear of sanctions" and it appears that legal institutions have the least effective sanctions. The test of control theory uses the general linear model with the three general concepts, in blocks of unspecified causal order, regressed on five specific measures of delinquency and three general indices of delinquency. Some support for control theory is found for belief variables across all acts, but attachment has a lower and less consistent effect. The fear of sanction measures are not relevant to all acts, and where they are, it generally is in a direction opposite to that predicted. An argument is made that control theory most likely reduces to existing theories of socialization, and that there is some support for thinking of it in a passive aversive framework of learning.
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Social control
Sanctions (Law)
FEAR OF SANCTIONS AND SOCIAL CONTROL.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430512020-04-02T10:50:44Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
Stevens, William Richard
2011-09-23T16:08:19Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143051
683269898
8304728
It is a common opinion in the image processing field that a software system cannot be both portable and efficient. Furthermore, when efficiency prevails in the design of an image processing system, the system typically becomes hard to use and complicated to program in. Most efficient systems require the user to worry about external data format, buffer allocation, overlapped input and output and similar details. To show that it is feasible to design an image processing system that is efficient, portable and easy to use, a system has been designed and implemented using the "Software Tools" philosophy. This system has been implemented on two computer systems (the PDP-11 and the VAX-11) under three different operating systems (Unix, RSX-11M and VMS). The image operations have been implemented in Ratfor with the bulk of the image i/o routines written in C. Details such as double-buffered overlapped i/o, conversion of external data formats and virtual memory support (on the VAX-11) are handled automatically by the system. Additionally, the system allows one to perform image operations "on the fly" under Unix, allowing one to use software pipelines for image processing. It is shown that this system is portable and efficient. The system is analyzed to determine where the time is spent during typical image operations. This analysis shows that the features that make the system easy to use account for a small fraction of its time. The performance of the system is also measured under different operating systems.
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Engineering, Electronics and Electrical.
Image processing
Imaging systems
Computer programs
The Efficiency of Portable Image Processing Software
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430522023-07-21T01:18:22Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
ZIMMERMAN, JANE DEBORAH.
2011-09-23T16:08:20Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143052
683259458
8303398
Issues concerning the process of self-observation and the development of the observing self in everyday life were examined from behavioral and psychodynamic perspectives. Nine participants first acquired accurate self-observing skills in the laboratory setting based on a training program developed in previous studies. Once participants were able to observe laboratory behaviors accurately, participants self-observed day-to-day activities in the real life settings in which these behaviors occurred for six months. Subsequently, procedures for self-observing everyday life developed from participants experiences. Generalization of self-observation to behaviors participants had not been instructed to self-observe was also investigated. Lastly, the relationship of self-observation to self-awareness was studied.
en
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Introspection
Observation (Psychology)
Self-perception
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-OBSERVATION: STEPS TO SELF-AWARENESS.
text
URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/143052/1/azu_td_8303398_sip1_c.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1430532020-04-02T10:50:44Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Fernando, Quintus
author
PERRON, STEVEN JOSEPH.
2011-09-23T16:08:21Z
1982
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/143053
683262099
8304725
X-Ray emission techniques have been developed for the analysis of unusual and difficult samples that cannot be analyzed by conventional analytical techniques. Three X-ray techniques have been investigated, including radioisotope-induced X-ray fluorescence (RXRF), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and high resolution PIXE. Low flux radioisotope X-ray sources have been used to non-destructively characterize the elements present in photographic papers and emulsions. The information obtained has proven valuable for cataloging and preserving photographic prints of historical significance. Radioisotope X-ray sources have also been used in the development of low-cost, portable instrumentation useful for quantitating a variety of toxicological samples, including urine and feces samples to determine the elimination rates of X-ray contrast media containing dysprosium. The PIXE technique has been applied to the analysis of forensic samples, including bullet lead, tissue fragments and thin metal coatings, and has been compared with other non-destructive methods of analysis. Sample preparation techniques and analytical procedures have been developed for general, thin target, quantitative PIXE analysis. These procedures were applied to the analysis of five NBS standard reference materials, and to the analysis of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules. A high resolution (2 eV) PIXE system has been developed to aid in the deconvolution of overlapping X-ray peaks encountered in conventional PIXE spectra. This system has been applied to the measurement of chemical shifts in the X-ray emisson spectra of transition metal compounds.
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X-ray spectroscopy
ANALYTICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY EMISSION SPECTROMETRY.
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451022020-04-02T08:17:26Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Close, Laird M.
author
Nielsen, Eric Ludwig
committeemember
Close, Laird M.
committeemember
Hinz, Philip
committeemember
McCarthy, Don
2011-10-12T18:36:15Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145102
752261381
11518
I present my experiences designing, conducting, and analyzing the results from direct imaging surveys for extrasolar giant planets. Using the young, low mass star AB Dor C, I show that models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs at young ages are good representations of reality. I discuss the design of the Simultaneous Differential Imaging survey, and how Monte Carlo simulations of giant planet populations allow for the design of imaging surveys, including the choice of target list, that maximizes the expected yield of extrasolar planets. With the conclusion of the SDI survey, I examine how its null result for planets sets constraints on the allowable populations of long-period exoplanets, finding that fewer than 8% of sun-like stars can have planets more massive than 4 Jupiter masses between 20 and 100 AU, at 68% confidence. When I include null results from other direct imaging surveys, these constraints are further strengthened: at 68% confidence, fewer than 20% of sun-like stars can have planets more massive than 4 Jupiter masses, at orbital semi-major axes between 8.1 and 911 AU. Even when applying the mass scaling of Johnson et al. (2007), and the "cold start" planet luminosity models of Fortney et al. (2008), the results remain consistent: giant planets are rare at large separations around sun-like stars. I explain how these constraints and planet simulations were used to design the Gemini South NICI Planet-Finding Campaign survey and target list, in order to maximize the chance of NICI detecting a planet, and so giving the campaign the greatest ability to strongly constrain populations of extrasolar giant planets, even in the case of a null result. Finally, I discuss future directions for direct imaging planet searches, and the steps needed tomove fromexisting surveys to a truly unified distribution of extrasolar planet populations.
en
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On the Road to Imaging Extrasolar Planets: Null Results, other Discoveries along the Way, and Signposts for the Future
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1446092020-04-02T09:03:59Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Luce, Brian A.
author
Kaplan, Rachel Lynn
committeemember
Kirkbride, Jerry
committeemember
Tatman, Neil
2011-10-11T00:40:35Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144609
752261398
11535
This study demonstrates Paul Schoenfield's reintroduction of the flute as the lead instrument in klezmer music, diverging from the recent exclusive use of the clarinet. The present study of Schoenfield's blending of klezmer and classical idioms focuses upon his chamber concerto, Klezmer Rondos for Flute, Male Vocalist and Orchestra. This document presents a brief biography of the composer exemplifying Schoenfield's compositional process and the influences on his music. In order to provide the reader with an informed understanding of klezmer style, the history and development of klezmer music is chronicled and the various stylistic elements idiomatic of this traditional music are described. Ultimately, a discussion on the genesis of Klezmer Rondos from the commissioning process through later revisions, as well as a complete analysis of the work, illustrates the composer's use of klezmer modes, ornamentation, and orchestration blended into the classical concerto genre.
en
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Tradition Revisited: A Blend of Old-World Entertainment and the Formal Setting of Classical Music in Paul Schoenfield's Concerto, Klezmer Rondos for Flute, Male Vocalist, and Orchestra
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1450962020-04-02T10:58:45Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Talanquer, Vicente
author
Christian, Karen
committeemember
Christie, Hamish
committeemember
Ghosh, Indraneel
committeemember
Novodvorsky, Ingrid
committeemember
Tomanek, Debra
2011-10-12T18:29:11Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145096
752261382
11519
Students often use study groups to prepare for class or exams; yet to date, we know very little about how these groups actually function. This study looked at the ways in which undergraduate organic chemistry students prepared for exams through self-initiated study groups. We sought to characterize the methods of social regulation, levels of content processing, and types of reasoning processes used by students within their groups. Our analysis showed that groups engaged in predominantly three types of interactions when discussing chemistry content: co-construction, teaching, and tutoring. Although each group engaged in each of these types of interactions at some point, their prevalence varied between groups and group members. Our analysis suggests that the types of interactions that were most common depended on the relative content knowledge of the group members as well as on the difficulty of the tasks in which they were engaged.Additionally, we were interested in characterizing the reasoning methods used by students within their study groups. We found that students used a combination of three content-relevant methods of reasoning: model-based reasoning, case-based reasoning, or rule-based reasoning, in conjunction with one chemically-irrelevant method of reasoning: symbol-based reasoning. The most common way for groups to reason was to use rules, whereas the least common way was for students to work from a model. In general, student reasoning correlated strongly to the subject matter to which students were paying attention, and was only weakly related to student interactions.Overall, results from this study may help instructors to construct appropriate tasks to guide what and how students study outside of the classroom. We found that students had a decidedly strategic approach in their study groups, relying heavily on material provided by their instructors, and using the reasoning strategies that resulted in the lowest levels of content processing. We suggest that instructors create more opportunities for students to explore model-based reasoning, and to create opportunities for students to be able to co-construct in a collaborative manner within the context of their organic chemistry course.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
chemistry
group
interaction
organic
reasoning
student
Content-Related Interactions and Methods of Reasoning within Self-Initiated Organic Chemistry Study Groups
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145096/1/azu_etd_11519_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451042020-04-02T08:17:26Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Fares, Johnny
author
Thompson, Eric
committeemember
Zarnescu, Daniela
committeemember
Tsao, Tsu-Shuen
committeemember
Schroeder, Joyce
committeemember
Krieg, Paul
2011-10-12T18:37:50Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145104
752261386
11522
The tumor suppressor Breast Cancer Susceptibility Protein 1 (BRCA1) protects our cells from genomic instability in part by facilitating the efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Other functions of BRCA1 include transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, DNA damage signaling, chromatin remodeling and protein ubiquitination. The major contribution of BRCA1 to maintaining genomic stability is thought to be through its role in DNA repair. BRCA1 promotes the error-free repair of double-strand breaks by homologous recombination, and is also implicated in the regulation of non-homologous end joining repair. Here we investigated the role of BRCA1 in maintaining the fidelity of non-homologous end joining repair following a double-strand break. We also examined the frequency of microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and the fidelity of double-strand break repair relative to BRCA1 protein levels in both control and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. In addition to altered BRCA1 protein levels, we tested the effects of cellular exposure to mirin, an inhibitor of Meiotic recombination enzyme 11 (Mre11) 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. Knockdown or loss of BRCA1 protein resulted in an increased frequency of overall plasmid DNA repair mutagenesis and MMEJ following a double-strand break. Inhibition of Mre11 exonuclease activity with mirin significantly decreased the occurrence of MMEJ, but did not considerably affect the overall mutagenic frequency of plasmid double-strand break repair, although some of our data indicate that the size of sequence deletions may be reduced by mirin inhibition. The results suggest that BRCA1 protects DNA from mutagenesis during non-homologous double strand break repair in plasmid-based assays. The increased frequency of double-strand break mutagenesis and MMEJ repair in the absence of BRCA1 suggests a potential mechanism for carcinogenesis.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
BRCA1
DNA
Double-strand break
Mirin
Effects of BRCA1 Loss on the Fidelity of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145104/1/azu_etd_11522_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451052020-04-02T10:08:45Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Moore, Ida K
author
Lochner, Mary Beth
committeemember
Ritter, Leslie
committeemember
Crist, Janice
2011-10-12T18:39:12Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145105
752261421
11558
Strong evidence has been found to link the diagnosis of CHD with depression, and patients with all CHD-related diagnoses and co-morbid depression display higher morbidity and mortality from CHD than those individuals without depression. Screening and treatment of depression by cardiology clinicians continues to be limited due to poor symptom recognition and lack of desire to treat perceived primary care conditions in specialty practice. The American Heart Association has designated timely assessment and treatment/referral of depression as primary goals for high-quality evidenced-based cardiology care to improve patient outcomes in CHD.This study employed a quasi-experimental descriptive pretest-posttest study design for the purposes of (1) understanding diagnostic and treatment practices for depression in the presence of CHD by nurse practitioner and physician cardiology providers (n=35) in a large metropolitan private outpatient cardiology practice and; (2) adaptation of a valid and reliable depression screening tool (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) to an existing electronic medical record system for use in the sample practice.Findings from the study showed that even though all providers (100%) believed that depression inhibited patients' ability to make positive CHD risk-reducing lifestyle changes, and the majority (73.7%) felt that depression contributed to the progression of CHD, no formal screening for depression was being performed. Less than half (42.1%) of providers in the sample treated depression in their clinic practice, and the large majority (89.5%) referred patients back to primary providers for all depression care.Since 2008 guidelines for depression care by cardiology providers were recommended by the American Heart Association (endorsed by the American Psychiatric Association), it is questionable if these recommendations are filtering down to outpatient cardiology practice. Provider education to improve confidence with depression screening and treatment, and provision of concise easy-to-use care templates in outpatient EMR systems may help to improve compliance with recommendations while maximizing patient outcomes for depressed CHD patients.Advanced practice nurses have been consistently instrumental in the development and management of performance-enhancing processes that improve care quality and patient outcomes. As nursing practice leaders, nurse practitioners should be progressive in supporting implementation of best-practice for depression care in outpatient cardiology practice settings.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
coronary heart disease
depression
nurse practitioner
out patient practice
physicians
Depression and Coronary Heart Disease: Improving Patient Outcomes in Outpatient Cardiology Practice
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145105/1/azu_etd_11558_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1454502020-04-02T09:45:16Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Hall, Anne-Marie
author
Norstad, Lille Kirsten
committeemember
Miller, Thomas P.
committeemember
Waugh, Linda
2011-10-14T22:25:12Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145450
752261404
11539
Travel narratives of the nineteenth century frequently became vehicles for colonialist discourse, strategically representing the Other(s) in order to justify their subjugation, and their land as a site of opportunity. W.W.H. Davis's travel narrative, El Gringo: New Mexico and Her People (1857) was no exception. This dissertation begins by arguing that we need to read El Gringo as a rhetorical text, that Davis's objective in portraying both the land and the people was to represent New Mexico as inherently "disponible," a term used by Mary Louise Pratt to indicate "available for capitalist improvement." Working from this assertion, I use the methodology of the Discourse-Historical Approach developed by Martin Reisigl and Ruth Wodak to explore the development of racialized constructions of New Mexican identity, their ideological relationship to "disponibility," and how these constructs have been reproduced intertextually through discourse. As accepted beliefs concerning the state, they continue to be recontextualized in new situations, notably to justify the disproportionate location of nuclear weapons-related industries, waste, and research activities within the state. Just as Davis and other earlier writers had used words such as "barren," "isolated," "unpopulated," and "wasteland," to rationalize the US presence, US government officials used these very terms a century later to argue that New Mexico was the location-of-choice for building and testing the first nuclear weapon. I argue that a direct discursive connection exists between the US colonization of New Mexico in 1846 and its nuclear colonization in 1942. As part of the ongoing legacy of colonialism, the language used to justify New Mexico's nuclear burden has marginalized the state's original inhabitants, diminishing their land rights and creating situations of environmental racism, such as the Church Rock incident on the Navajo Reservation. In some cases, Native Americans and Nuevomexicanos were "disappeared" from the discourse entirely, as with several Pueblo communities living adjacent to the site of the Manhattan Project. Dialectically, the nuclear colonization of New Mexico has transformed Manifest Destiny as well, reconfiguring its initial purpose to ensure US hegemony internally, to the ability of the US to maintain nuclear hegemony worldwide.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
critical discourse analysis
Discourse-Historical Approach
environmental racism
New Mexico
nineteenth-century travel writing
rhetoric
Nineteenth-Century Travel Writing and the Nuclearization of the American Southwest: A Discourse Analytic Approach to W.W.H. Davis's El Gringo New Mexico and Her People
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145450/1/azu_etd_11539_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1446002020-04-02T09:04:30Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Jones, Kimberly A
advisor
Beaudrie, Sara M
author
Gonzalez, Gwynne
committeemember
Ecke, Peter M
committeemember
Ruiz, Richard
2011-10-10T23:55:12Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144600
752261379
11516
The field of heritage language maintenance lacks an in-depth look at the social networks that make-up the linguistic interaction of heritage speakers of Spanish. Moreover, the social network studies that have focused on language maintenance have all investigated the maintenance of a first language spoken by immigrants or the use of a dialect. Undoubtedly, there is a lacuna of research with regard to heritage speakers of a language, which is the focus of the proposed study. There is an even greater deficit in the study of linguistic insecurity among heritage language speakers and the correlation that there may be with regard to social networks. The present research fills this gap by examining these issues within a population of heritage speakers of Spanish at the University of Arizona.This study examines correlations between linguistic insecurity, social networks and language use in heritage speakers of Spanish. The population investigated are college aged students registered in the beginning and intermediate courses of the Heritage Language Program at the University of Arizona, Tucson (SPAN 103, 203, and 253). Linguistic insecurity is measured using an adapted version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope, 1986) and language use is measured through an online questionnaire. The subjects' social networks are identified using an adapted on-line version of the Cochran, Larner, Riley, Gunnarson, & Henderson's (1990) social network questionnaire. This study details the social networks of heritage language speakers of Spanish and presents the correlation between these networks, the participants' use of Spanish and their linguistic insecurity in a discussion regarding the speakers' prospects of maintaining the heritage language. Secondly, it presents correlations between the linguistic insecurity of heritage language speakers of Spanish, Spanish language use, oral proficiency and social network structure. The information provided by this study will help in the understanding of the function of social networks in the maintenance of a heritage language. It will further assist in the understanding of linguistic insecurity and provide a foundation for further research into how to address linguistic insecurity in the heritage language classroom.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Heritage Language
Heritage Speaker
Language maintenance
linguistic insecurity
Social networks
Spanish
SPANISH HERITAGE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE USE, LINGUISTIC INSECURITY, AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/144600/1/azu_etd_11516_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1450992020-04-02T13:42:21Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Katsanis, Emmanuel
advisor
Larmonier, Nicolas
author
Centuori, Sara Mozelle
committeemember
Lybarger, Lonnie
committeemember
Doetschman, Tom
committeemember
Briehl, Margaret
committeemember
Bowden, Tim
2011-10-12T18:32:51Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145099
752261380
11517
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) play an essential role in the immunosuppressive networks that contribute to tumor immune evasion. The mechanisms by which tumors promote the expansion and/or function of these suppressive cells and the cross-regulation between MDSC and Treg remain incompletely defined. The current work evaluates the influence of MDSC, expanded in two mouse cancer models, on immunosuppressive Treg. We demonstrate that tumor-induced MDSC endowed with the potential of suppressing conventional T lymphocytes surprisingly impair TGF-β1-mediated generation of induced Treg (iTreg) from naïve CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Suppression of iTreg generation by MDSC occurs early in the differentiation process, and is cell contact dependent. This inhibition of FoxP3-expressing T lymphocyte differentiation by MDSC does not depend on arginase 1, cystine/cysteine depletion, iNOS/NO, or PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. These findings therefore indicate that MDSC from tumor-bearing hosts have the heretofore unreported ability to restrict some immunosuppressive Treg subpopulations.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Cancer
immunosuppressive cells
MDSC
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Regulatory T cells
Treg
NEGATIVE REGULATION OF REGULATORY T CELLS BY MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN CANCER
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451212020-04-02T11:01:24Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Ozel, Feryal
author
Todd, Elizabeth
committeemember
Jokipii, J. R.
committeemember
Hsieh, Ke Chiang
committeemember
Giacalone, Joe
committeemember
Garcia, J. D.
2011-10-12T19:17:10Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145121
752261387
11523
The presence of turbulence in astrophysical magnetic fields can have a significant effect on the diffusion of particles and, therefore, should be taken into account when performing simulations involving particle propagation. After reviewing the constructionof the turbulent magnetic field component, we incorporate this feature in two separate projects. In the first, we consider the possible source(s) of hadronic cosmic rays thought to be responsible for the diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission in the vicinity ofthe Galactic center. Assuming a completely turbulent magnetic field with an average strength of 10-100microG, we find that relativistic protons do not travel far enough to produce gamma-rays spatially correlated with the giant molecular clouds, as seen by HESS,when injected into the interstellar medium by a single point source, such as the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. Increasing the number of point sources to five does improve the longitudinal extent of the emission but either shows only weak correlation with the molecular gas or highlights the source positions - both pictures areinconsistent with HESS observations. We conclude that protons must be accelerated throughout the Galactic center region via e.g. a second-order Fermi process in order to reproduce the HESS gamma-ray map if the magnetic field there is completely turbulent. Secondly, we examine the possible link between the asymmetric 511keV electron-positron annihilation emission from the inner Galactic disk and hard low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). Three different magnetic field configurations were considered: a completely turbulent field, a field in which the turbulent component has equal energy density as the mean component, and a strongly ordered field with little turbulence. Assuming the environment around each LMXB system is the same, we find that the LMXBs alone cannot account for all the positrons necessary to sufficiently fill the region regardless of the particular magnetic field structure chosen. Another transport mechanism (e.g. a galactic wind) in addition to the diffusive motion caused by the magnetic field fluctuations and/or allowing the LMXBs to be embedded in different phases of the interstellar medium is needed for the LMXB picture to remain a viable possibility.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Galactic Center
Particle Astrophysics
Turbulence
Particle Astrophysics at the Galactic Center
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451242020-04-02T09:54:56Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Dietz, William
author
Zuniga Chanto, Fernando
committeemember
Kirkbride, Jerry
committeemember
Luce, Brian
2011-10-12T19:23:56Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145124
752261405
11540
This document demonstrates that study and performance of newly-composed versions of four etudes from Ludwig Milde's Concert Etudes, Op. 26 (publ. post. 1935) can prepare advanced bassoon students for performance of not only the etudes themselves (which includes advanced techniques such as rapid single tonguing, double tonguing, difficult slurring, tapering, an execution of complicated scales and arpeggios in the context of a musical passage, half-hole, vibrato, flicking, and control of long notes in extreme registers), but also can be used to address both performing and technical issues not covered in Milde's study, such as the problems posed by ensemble playing, tone-color, and rhythm.The project analyzes a selection of four etudes from the Concert Etudes, Op. 26 in terms of harmony and form, explores the technical difficulties found in each one of them and their possible approaches, and provides arrangements for two bassoons, bassoon and piano, and bassoon quartet, giving the student a new palette of options for the study of the Concert Etudes, Op. 26 and new devices for the improvement of various techniques.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
bassoon
concert
etudes
Ludwig
Milde
technique
Alternative Strategies for the Refinement of Bassoon Technique Through the Concert Etudes, Op. 26, by Ludwig Milde
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451312020-04-02T13:34:28Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Jones, John III
author
Shaw, Ian
committeemember
Marston, Sallie
committeemember
Robbins, Paul
committeemember
Waterstone, Marv
2011-10-12T18:52:29Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145131
752261388
11524
This dissertation investigates drone warfare, which is the military's use of unmanned planes to strike enemy targets, an integral and relatively new strategy in the `war on terror'. The dissertation is composed of three unique research papers. The first gets to grips with how this warfare is represented in video games. These virtual spaces contain carefully crafted aesthetics that are important for widespread cultural participation, recruitment, and legitimization. The second paper investigates the use of U.S. military drones in the tribal regions of Pakistan, a historically `exceptional' territory that today finds itself the continued subject of colonial violence. The paper is motivated by understanding the logic of the legislation that enables such warfare, as well as the military's `fetishization' of the drone as an actor devoid of social relations. The third paper builds upon the second to take seriously the drone as an object of extreme political importance. The analytic is driven by `object-oriented philosophy' and argues that drones are metaphysical objects responsible for slicing and dicing the world into their own image. Overall, the main contribution of the dissertation is to signal and review the political importance of a new and deadly military zeitgeist: one that encroaches upon everyday life, geopolitics, and reality itself.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
The Spatial Politics of Drone Warfare
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451302020-04-02T08:42:34Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Figueredo, Aurelio J.
author
Wolf, Pedro Sofio Abril
committeemember
Mehl, Matthias
committeemember
Sechrest, Lee
committeemember
Jacobs, Jake
2011-10-12T18:48:24Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145130
11525
The focus of this validation study is to develop and use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology as a tool for psychological research. GPS technology was used to estimate the number of places participants visited over a four day period. To test the convergent validity of this method, this estimate was compared to two self-report methods of measuring the same behavior over the same time frame. All three of these methods were significantly correlated with each other. Results of the split-plot GLM further validated the convergent validity of the GPS method. The test of construct validity was successful when it comes to covitality, however, negative affect did not predict NPV.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Affect
Depression
Global Positioning System
Individual Differences
Personality
A DAY IN THE LIFE: THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG NEGATIVE AFFECT, COVITALITY, AND SPATIAL BEHAVIOR MEASURED BY SELF REPORTED SPATIAL BEHAVIOR, AND BY GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) TECHNOLOGY
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451322020-04-02T08:30:45Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Effken, Judith
author
Shuffitt, Jason T.
chair
Effken, Judith
committeemember
McEwen, Marylyn Morris
committeemember
Rigney, Ted
2011-10-12T18:54:18Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145132
752261314
11443
Information technology is ubiquitous in society and industry; however, healthcare is just beginning to explore how health information technology (HIT) can be optimized to support quality care. HIT can assist with standardizing care delivery, increasing access to evidence-based medicine, improving accuracy and ease of documentation, and assisting with patient education. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), specifically nurse practitioners (NPs) and certified nurse midwives (CNMs), play a pivotal role in the healthcare delivery system. To be effective practitioners, providers must manage, integrate, and assimilate a multitude of knowledge with each patient encounter. HIT can serve as the channel through which the NP and CNM provides cost-effective, efficient, and quality care. However, healthcare providers have been slow to adopt and implement HIT resources. We know that adoption of HIT by healthcare providers is varied among provider and practice settings. However, few studies have examined the impact on and utilization of information technology by APRNs, specifically nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives.The purpose of this research was to investigate the utilization and influence of HIT on the clinical decision making of Kentucky nurse practitioners and nurse midwives (Kentucky APRNs). A descriptive cross-sectional design using survey methodology and convenience sampling was employed. Participants were asked to complete an author-modified, web-based survey tool that was based on current research. The 40-question tool was designed to explore providers' attitudes and perceptions of technology, determine their knowledge and utilization of various electronic and traditional print medical resources, and assess the penetration of and daily usage of HIT in practice.This study revealed information related to Kentucky APRN's utilization and influence of HIT on clinical decision making. Establishing exploratory Kentucky APRN findings will assist in evaluating further HIT utilization in Kentucky. Findings suggested that APRNs in Kentucky are beginning to explore the benefits of HIT; however, additional research will be required to identify the true penetration and utilization of technology in Kentucky. Although additional research is needed, HIT appears to be having an overall impact on the clinical practice of Kentucky APRNs.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Advanced Practice Nursing
APRN
Clinical Decision Making
Health Information Technology
HIT
Kentucky
Utilization and Influence of Health Information Technology on Kentucky Advanced Practice Registered Nurses' Clinical Decision Making
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451202020-04-02T09:06:27Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Sen, Suvrajeet
advisor
Bayraksan, Güzin
author
Chen, Binyuan
committeemember
Zeng, Daniel
committeemember
Szidarovszky, Ferenc
committeemember
Küçükyavuz, Simge
2011-10-12T19:12:35Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145120
752261390
11526
In this dissertation, a finitely convergent disjunctive programming procedure, the Convex Hull Tree (CHT) algorithm, is proposed to obtain the convex hull of a general mixed–integer linear program with bounded integer variables. The CHT algorithm constructs a linear program that has the same optimal solution as the associated mixed-integer linear program. The standard notion of sequential cutting planes is then combined with ideasunderlying the CHT algorithm to help guide the choice of disjunctions to use within a new cutting plane method, the Cutting Plane Tree (CPT) algorithm. We show that the CPT algorithm converges to an integer optimal solution of the general mixed-integer linear program with bounded integer variables in finitely many steps. We also enhance the CPT algorithm with several techniques including a “round-of-cuts” approach and an iterative method for solving the cut generation linear program (CGLP). Two normalization constraints are discussed in detail for solving the CGLP. For moderately sized instances, our study shows that the CPT algorithm provides significant gap closures with a pure cutting plane method.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
cutting plane
finite convergence
convex hull
disjunctive programming
mixed-integer linear program
FINITE DISJUNCTIVE PROGRAMMING METHODS FOR GENERAL MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMS
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1446012020-04-02T11:29:33Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Morris McEwen, Marylyn
author
Russell-Kibble, Audrey
committeemember
Reed, Pamela G
committeemember
May, Kathleen M
2011-10-11T00:50:39Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144601
752261402
11538
In this Practice Inquiry, Mexican American parents' perceptions of cultural influences on grieving the death of their child were described. Findings were used to inform a continuing education module for nurses involved in the care of Mexican American parents who have experienced the death of their child. This line of inquiry is important as the needs of grieving Mexican American parents are not always recognized by those providing care. Ethnographic methodology was used to explore the narratives of three Mexican American fathers and three Mexican American mothers who had experienced the death of their child. A purposive sample was recruited from a faith based community health center in Tucson, AZ. In depth interviews were conducted primarily in the participants' homes by the researcher. All interviews were conducted in Spanish language. Data sources included participant interviews, participant observation, field notes and measures for demographic data and acculturation (ARSMA-II).The overarching cultural theme that represents the participants' perspectives is El Dolor de los Padres: Pain in the Parent. The three major themes that support the overarching cultural theme include: (a) Enduring Great Pain, (b) Voices of Mexican American Parents, and (c) Cultural Death Traditions. The fourth major theme, Going Forward: For the Provider specifically addresses data gathered to educate nurses for supporting Mexican American parents grieving the death of a child. The findings of the study are interpreted within the context of the Mexican cultural concepts of familismo, machismo, marianismo, fatalismo, spiritualidad, respeto, confianza and personalismo and the concept of vulnerability.The study's significance for the practice of nursing is upheld in the findings that are specific to understanding and preventing disparities in the care of Mexican American parents who have experienced the death of a child. Increasing nursing knowledge of the cultural context of grieving, especially spiritualidad and continuing memories, offering culturally competent nursing interventions at this time of deep emotional pain are elucidated in this Practice Inquiry.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
death of a child
grieving
Mexican American
qualitative research
Mexican American Parents' Perceptions of Cultural Influences on Grieving the Death of Their Child
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451192020-04-02T08:43:31Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Cronin, Alexander D
author
Lonij, Vincent P. A.
committeemember
Meystre, Pierre
committeemember
Jessen, Poul S
committeemember
Stafford, Charles S
committeemember
Jiang, George J
2011-10-12T18:55:58Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145119
752261391
11527
This dissertation describes new measurements of the van der Waals (vdW) potential energy for atoms near a surface. The measurements presented here were accomplished by studying diffraction a beam of atoms transmitted through a nanograting. I will describe how we improved precision by a factor of 10 over previous diffraction measurements by studying how different types of atoms interact with the same surface. As a result of this new precision, we were able to show for the first time the contribution of atomic core electrons to the atom-surface potential, and experimentally test different atomic structure calculation methods.In addition, this dissertation will describe how changing the width of the grating bars to achieve a particular "magic" grating bar width or rotating a grating to a particular "magic" angle allows us to determine both the atom-surface potential strength and the geometry of the grating. This represents an improvement over several recent studies where uncertainties in the nanograting geometry limited precision in the measurements of the vdW potential.For a complementary measurement, also discussed in this dissertation, we collaborated with the Vigue group in Toulouse, France. In this collaboration we used an atom interferometer to measure the phase shift due to transmission through a nanograting. By combining diffraction data from Tucson with interferometry data from Toulouse we improved the precision of interferometry measurements of the atom-surface potential of a single atomic species by almost a factor of 10 over previous interferometric measurements of the vdW potential. These interferometry measurements also serve to measure the shape of the vdW potential and set a limit on non-Newtonian gravitational interactions at 1-2 nm length scales.Finally, this dissertation will discuss how nanogratings with optimized geometry can improve atom interferometers, for example, with blazed gratings. We discuss next generation atom-surface potential measurements and examine new ways of analyzing diffraction data.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Atom Interferometry
Atom Optics
Atom Surface Potential
Core Electrons
Van der Waals
ATOM OPTICS, CORE ELECTRONS, AND THE VAN DER WAALS POTENTIAL
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451222020-04-02T08:16:16Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Gonzalez, Norma
author
Convertino, Christina
committeemember
Wyman, Leisy
committeemember
Cammarota, Julio
committeemember
McCarty, Teresa
2011-10-12T19:19:10Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145122
752261392
11528
In this educational ethnography, I focused on how parents and students enrolled in a public charter high school in Sundale City (pseudonym), Arizona made the choice to attend a charter school. I also focused on educational reforms in the context of two large district high schools to further contextualize family choice-making. In contrast to the prevailing view that it is primarily parents with the requisite cultural and social capital who access school choice, participants in this study were `forced' to choose an alternative to their neighborhood district school due to the harmful effects of being marginalized and penalized in traditional district school contexts. With implications for policy and practice, this anthropological study expands the polemic surrounding school choice by considering the discursive practices inscribed in traditional school contexts that force out disenfranchised students. Understanding of family choice-making and students' experiences contributes to theorizing social inequality and educational reform in new ways that lead to the development of equitable school spaces.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Community
Educational Equity
Educational Reform
Family
Identity
Youth
Forced to Choose: School Choice and the Spatial Production of Youth Identities in a Post-Industrial Age
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451172020-04-02T10:25:34Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Bosworth, Kris
author
McCann, Nathan T.
chair
Bosworth, Kris
committeemember
Hendricks, J. Robert
committeemember
Pedicone, John
committeemember
Menconi, Maria
2011-10-12T18:40:37Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145117
752261330
11462
Superintendents of public school districts occupy positions of tremendous importance and influence (Sharp & Walter, 2004). In total, the nation's approximately 14,000 superintendents are responsible for the educational outcomes of nearly 55 million K-12 students (US Department of Education, 2009). Critical to the superintendent's ability to bring about and maintain positive change in a district is the quality of the relationship the superintendent upholds with the school board (Petersen & Fusarelli, 2001). This study sought to identify strategies that successful superintendents use to establish and maintain positive and productive relationships with their school boards. Successful superintendents in this study were defined as proactive and purposeful superintendents who have demonstrated the ability to get things done and move the school district forward in a coherent and positive direction.Following Brunner's (2000) methodology, a group of six award-winning current and former superintendents were recruited to serve as recommenders, selecting the two superintendents who participated in this study. In an effort to avoid exclusive reliance on superintendent self-perceptions, two school board members from each district were randomly selected to participate. Superintendents and school board members provided data through participation in one of two parallel semi-structured interviews.The results of this study indicated that successful superintendents ultimately sought to develop and maintain within their board an appropriate understanding of their role as board members. This study posed a second question, "What characteristics and attributes do governing board members find desirable in their superintendent?" Governing board members articulated a definitive need to be able to trust their superintendent. Superintendents in this study were acutely aware of this board member need. Governing board members articulated three primary superintendent traits that fostered and nurtured trust in their superintendent, including high-performance, strong communicative skills, and likeability of the superintendent.However, the development of trust was more a means to an end, than an end in itself. Superintendents used these traits to foster trust and ultimately to develop appropriate board member role understanding that focused board member attention and energy on policy objectives and away from administrative and managerial functions.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Relations
School Boards
Superintendency
Superintendent
Factors Contributing to Positive and Productive Superintendent-Governing Board Relationships
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451082020-06-29T19:39:51Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895com_10150_317248com_10150_599246col_10150_129652col_10150_317249
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Saleska, Scott R.
author
van Haren, Joost Lambertus Maria
committeemember
Hawes, Martha
committeemember
Chorover, Jon
2011-10-12T18:43:21Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145108
752261393
11529
The tropics are the largest natural source of CO2 and N2O to the atmosphere and many tropical forests are changing due to climate change and forest fragmentation. To understand how these changes are affecting ecosystem feedbacks to climate change we need to investigate the plant-soil interactions in tropical forests on both local and regional scale. Locally, tree species do influence soil N2O fluxes and biogeochemistry in diverse forests. I found N2O fluxes close to four out of fifteen tree species consistently elevated above the overall mean and consistently low near two other species. However, only large (20%) changes in species composition would cause an appreciable effect on the landscape-scale forest flux. Experimental sugar additions elevated, whereas root abscission by permanently installed chambers reduced N2O fluxes, suggesting that N2O cycling is mostly driven by heterotrophic (carbon-limited) denitrifiers, and that carbon transport into the soil by trees may present a mechanism for the observed differences. To isolate species effects on soil processes, I investigated tropical monoculture plantation soil gas fluxes. As in the natural forest, flux differences were associated with tree species identity, though species N2O flux rank order on the plantation was unlike the forest, indicating that monoculture plantation plots are not generally informative for species influence on soil processes in diverse forests. Fast tree growth rates and overall lower fluxes of CO2 and N2O from plantation vs. natural forest or agricultural soils suggest that plantations initiated on abandoned farmland may reduce tropical ecosystem greenhouse gas fluxes. Motivated by the finding that tree carbon export may influence soil N2O fluxes, I investigated the effect of stand level growth rates on regional N2O flux variation and found that spatial and temporal N2O flux variability in the Amazon basin is significantly and positively correlated with forest growth rates. Extrapolating this correlation across the Amazon basin yields a mean soil N2O flux of 2.6 kg-N ha-1 -1 , higher than previously estimated. My work, through accounting for the processes that link vegetation carbon dynamics to soil biogeochemistry, indicates that tropical forests may be a bigger contributor to global N2O budget than previously thought.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil CO2 and N2O Fluxes in Tropical Forest Soils: the Influence of Tree Species, Precipitation, and Soil Texture
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451232020-04-02T09:45:42Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Lau, Serrine S
author
Kimzey, Michael John
committeemember
Wondrak, Georg
committeemember
Stump, Craig
committeemember
Tsaprailis, George
committeemember
Monks, Terrence
committeemember
Lau, Serrine S
2011-10-12T19:20:42Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145123
752261395
11531
Glyco-oxidation is linked to the pathophysiology of diabetes and diabetic complications. The process of glyco-oxidation generates reactive dicarbonyls, which form adducts on arginine residues in distributions throughout the proteome that are site-specific depending on the protein microenvironment. Dicarbonyl adducts are thus markers for glyco-oxidative stress. Various approaches using mass spectrometry permits the identification, localization, and quantification of these dicarbonyl adducts. Using MG as a model dicarbonyl, a shotgun proteomics approach identified the sites for modification of major plasma proteins. Thirty five sites on seven abundant plasma proteins were found, and investigation into the microenvironment surrounding the target arginine sites revealed a neighboring charged residue motif where adjacent residues were either negatively or positively charged. One of the sites identified was R257 in HSA, which is located in the important drug binding site I. We validated drug site I as a target for MG modification by the adaptation of two assays to monitor the effect of MG modification. MG significantly decreases the rate of hydrolysis of PGE2 in drug site I, and induces the displacement of prodan from drug site I. Molecular modeling of warfarin docking at drug site I with the MG-modified R257 resulted in significantly decreased binding and change in binding orientation. The oxidation products of susceptible residues methionine, tryptophan, and cysteine were evaluated using MRM of oxidized HSA peptides. Oxidation of methionine gave the M+16 single oxidized product, and M329 in HSA was the most responsive site. Oxidation of the sole W214 tryptophan produced the W+32 double oxidation product, and oxidation of C34 produced the C+48 triple oxidation product. MG, 3DG, and glucosone were evaluated for propensity to modify 12 HSA sites based on MRM of dicarbonyl modified HSA. Dicarbonyl modification was independent of arginine solvent accessibility. In a clinical study using nephropathy as an endpoint, sites of oxidation and modification of HSA by MG, 3DG, and glucosone were quantified by MRM. The most important variable among diabetic subjects was metformin use, and subjects taking metformin had significantly reduced markers for glyco-oxidation. These findings may be useful in the development of new diabetes therapies that aim to ameliorate glyco-oxidative stress.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
diabetes
mass spectrometry
methylglyoxal
multiple reaction monitoring
oxidative stress
proteomics
Identification, Characterization, and Quantification of Dicarbonyl Adducts in the Plasma Proteome in Type-2 Diabetes
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451062020-04-02T11:05:34Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Hendricks, J. Robert
author
Collins, Thomas Eric
committeemember
Pedicone, John
committeemember
Bennett, Jeffery
2011-10-12T18:41:53Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145106
752261369
11504
There has been a trend toward increased in educational accountability for the past fifty years as seen through legislation, policy, and guidance implemented by state education agencies. While states had accountability systems, the federal NCLB Act of 2001 formalized the current system that worked to remediate schools challenged to meet the accountability expectations? Exacerbating these circumstances was a shifting accountability model, AZ LEARNS, that measured school performance from 2007-2009. The Arizona Department of Education formalized processes and structures to address the needs of low-capacity schools through the State System of Support. This research examined the role of the ASSIST Coach in underperforming schools as a measure of state intervention in Arizona. Data revealed that insufficient time, resources, and support were afforded to low-capacity schools by the ASSIST Coach to affect change that resulted in school improvement within the AZ LEARNS model. Additionally, the skills, experience, and background did not align to the needs of low-capacity schools that participated in this study. In the absence of effective state intervention, schools turned to internal capacities to plan for and implement school improvement initiatives that were minimally effective in turning around their respective underperformance. Based on these findings, recommendations for future research were offered to strengthen the support for schools under the State System of Support in Arizona.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Principal Mentoring
School Improvement
School Reform
State Accountability
State Intervention
State Intervention in Underperforming Schools: The Role of the ASSIST Coach
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1450952020-04-02T12:49:50Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Johnson, Bruce P.
advisor
Hutchinson, Charles F.
author
Orton, Madelene Richardson
committeemember
Anders, Patricia L.
2011-10-12T18:27:42Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145095
752261396
11533
The School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 provided seed monies to educational institutions, if they were willing to form collaborative partnerships with members of the business and employer communities. The goal was to build learning opportunities for students that would facilitate their seamless transition from the public school system into adult work-settings and/or places of post-secondary education, training, and skills acquisition. An historical case study of school reform was conducted, using qualitative research methods that included extensive field observations, participant interviews, document analysis, narrative inquiry strategies, phenomenological reflection and data reduction. The lived experiences of 23 students and 14 community partners were juxtaposed against the recollected memories of the teacher-researcher, and analyzed in the context of complex change theory (Ambrose, 1987). The point was to distill the essential themes that could shed light on the research question. Those factors that were deemed to be influential in the development, delivery, or efficacy of the learning opportunities that were created as curriculum interventions, in support of this one piece of federal legislation, are discussed analytically, so as to make recommendations for similar practical programs with a career-education or work-based learning focus.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Career Education
Educational Policy
Practitioner Research
School-Business Partnerships
School-to-Work Transition Education
Work-based Learning
School-to-Work Reform in Action: Reflections from the Field
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451492020-04-02T09:11:18Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Arns, Mark J.
advisor
Limesand, Sean W.
author
Penrod, Leah Vee
committeemember
Cuneo, Peder S.
committeemember
Rhoads, Michelle L.
committeemember
Allen, Ronald E.
2011-10-12T21:37:10Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145149
11532
Uterine inflammation is one of the causes of a poor uterine environment. This can result in early embryonic loss in the mare due to an inhibition of or an increased secretion of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ). Oxytocin binds to endometrial cell receptors to activate prostaglandin synthesis. Increased secretion or accumulation of PGF2α within the uterus due to uterine inflammation can cause luteolysis and result in early embryonic loss. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to influence prostaglandin production in many species, although the effects on the mare remain unknown. Equine endometrial biopsies were collected and used to establish endometrial epithelial cell and explant cultures to determine the release of PGF2α and PGFM in response to oxytocin stimulation. Endometrial explant cultures were used to determine the inhibitory effects of Atosiban, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, and Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase –2 inhibitor, on PGF2α secretion. Endometrial explant cultures were challenged with oxytocin (250 nM) and PGF2α concentrations were measured over time. The effects of PUFAs on equine endometrial prostaglandin production were determined using endometrial biopsies harvested on day two of behavioral estrus. Equine endometrial cells were established and shown to replicate in culture and on a basement membrane matrix. Equine endometrial explants stimulated with oxytocin had increased secretion of PGF2α and PGE2 and the secretion of PGF2α was inhibited through an oxytocin receptor antagonist and Cox inhibition. Endometrial explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide had increased secretion of PGF2α and PGE2, however oxytocin stimulated to a greater extent than LPS. Supplementation with PUFAs, specifically DHA, decreased the secretion of PGF2α and PGE2, however AA and EPA failed to influence this response. Expression of mRNA was not influenced by fatty acid supplementation, however was altered by stimulus. Therefore DHA influences the inflammatory response in vitro through mechanisms other than enzyme expression. Decreased PGF2α production associated with PUFA supplementation in vivo, creates a likely approach for decreasing early embryonic loss associated with post breeding inflammation commonly seen in the equine industry.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
endometrium
equine
explant
fatty acid
inflammation
prostaglandin
The Effects of EPA and DHA on the Uterine Inflammatory Response in Mares during In Vitro Culture of Endometrial Tissue
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451502020-04-02T13:06:30Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Wehr, Jan
author
Herzog, David Paul
committeemember
Kennedy, Thomas G
committeemember
Bhattacharya, Rabindra
committeemember
Watkins, Joseph C
2011-10-12T21:48:37Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145150
752261400
11536
We study dynamical systems in the complex plane under the effect of constant noise. We show for a wide class of polynomial equations that the ergodic property is valid in the associated stochastic perturbation if and only if the noise added is in the direction transversal to all unstable trajectories of the deterministic system. This has the interpretation that noise in the "right" direction prevents the process from being unstable: a fundamental, but not well-understood, geometric principle which seems to underlie many other similar equations. The result is proven by using Lyapunov functions and geometric control theory.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Control Theory
Ergodic Property
Invariant Measures
Lyapunov Functions
Stochastic Differential Equations
Geometry's Fundamental Role in the Stability of Stochastic Differential Equations
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1451692020-04-02T13:07:27Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Mansuripur, Masud
author
Young, Amber Lynn
committeemember
Gangopadhyay, Palash
committeemember
Seraphin, Supapan
committeemember
Norwood, Robert
2011-10-12T22:09:58Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145169
752261401
11537
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), particles several nanometers in diameter, exhibit a range of interesting properties that arise as a result of quantum confinement. Among these characteristics is photoluminescence, and unlike traditional fluorophores, the fluorescence emission of QDs is characterized by broad absorption and narrow emission that is a function of the particle diameter. This allows high spatial resolution to be achieved using spectral discrimination of closely spaced QDs.We propose applying QD fluorescence as a tool to sense the local environment of the QD to achieve wide-field sensing at high-resolution. Many factors influence QD fluorescence from the growth parameters and choice of ligand to the local environment of the QD post-fabrication. Nano-materials in the local QD environment influence the spectral or temporal characteristics of the QD fluorescence and detecting these changes enables identification of the location and motion of these nanoparticles with resolution on the order of a few nanometers.We have fabricated aqueous colloidal cadmium telluride QDs, experimenting with the choice of thiol-based ligand to influence the chemistry in post-processing and application. A wide range of tools have been used to characterize the spectral and physical properties of the QDs. We have successfully immobilized QDs on a variety of substrates including glass coverslips, silicon and indium tin oxide coated glass. Immobilization is achieved with even and consistent distributions of QDs on the substrate by using self-assembly of the colloidal particles onto substrates functionalized with N1-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (DETA) silane.Using fluorescence microscopy we have successfully demonstrated the detection of interactions between QDs and other nano-materials including green fluorescent protein and gold seed particles, demonstrating that QDs may, in principle, be used in a wide field microscopy technique to sense nano-materials with high resolution.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
fluorescence
immobilization
microscopy
nano-material
quantum dots
silane
Characterization of Immobilized Aqueous Quantum Dots: Efforts in High-Resolution Microscopy
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452712020-04-02T13:06:30Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Nunamaker, Jay F.
advisor
Burgoon, Judee K.
author
Langhals, Brent
committeemember
Goes, Paulo
committeemember
Liu, Jian
2011-10-13T19:34:47Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145271
752261378
11515
The objective of this study was to determine if eye and head based psychophysiological cues can be used to maintain screener vigilance levels during long duration tasks. In two parts, this study first explored which cues are predictive of vigilance levels. The second part of the study developed a vigilance feedback system using the cues established in part one and compared the results of subjects using the feedback system with those subjects having received no feedback or those who received random feedback.In part one, 48 participants reviewed 600 simulated x-rays to determine if any hazardous items (guns or knives) were present. Individual vigilance levels were determined by scoring the number of correct detections during eight 5-minute periods (total study length = 40 minutes). Using an eye-tracking machine, four concurrent eye and head activity measures (blinks, saccades, pupil diameter, and head position) were used to model changes in vigilance level throughout a simulated baggage screening task. At the end of the study, changes in blink and saccade rates proved to be significant predictors of an individual's ability to detect the presence of these hazardous items among other non-significant baggage items.Part two required 126 participants equally distributed across three conditions to repeat the same screening task. For one condition the monitoring system, instead of passively recording the individual's cues, provided near real-time feedback of vigilance levels to a condition. Participants in other conditions received random feedback on their vigilance levels while a third group received no feedback. At the conclusion of the study the subjects who received the real-time feedback performed significantly better than those who received no feedback. However, they did not perform better than the subjects who received random feedback. Perhaps more significantly, the subjects who received random feedback, while performing better than the no feedback group, also experienced a significantly higher number of false detects.The results of this study indicate a vigilance feedback system based upon subject psychophysiological cues may be an effective method to maintain attention levels during long duration vigilance tasks while preventing a corresponding increase in error detection rates.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Arousal
Attention
Cies
Security
Stimuli
Vigilance
Using Eye and Head Based Psychophysiological Cues to Enhance Screener Vigilance
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452722020-04-02T13:08:19Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Nunamaker, Jay F., Jr.
advisor
Burgoon, Judee K.
author
Derrick, Douglas C.
committeemember
Goes, Paulo B.
committeemember
Golob, Elyse
committeemember
Zeng, Daniel D.
2011-10-13T19:37:00Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145272
752261375
11511
I utilized a design science approach to create an automated kiosk that uses embodied intelligent agents to interview individuals and detect changes in arousal, behavior, and cognitive effort by using psychophysiological information systems. This dissertation achieves three primary purposes.First, I describe the creation of this new Information Technology artifact, discuss design choices, and show the completed prototype.Second, related to this new system, I propose a unique class of intelligent agents, which are described as Special Purpose Embodied Conversational Intelligence with Environmental Sensors (SPECIES). I outline a system model that frames the conceptual components of SPECIES agents, provide design principles for developing SPECIES agents, and discuss some of the research implications of the various components in the model.Third, based on the SPECIES paradigm, I present five studies that evaluate different parts of the model. These studies form the foundational research for the development of the automated kiosk. In the first study, participants interacted with an automated interviewing agent via a chat-based modality (108 participants). The study clearly demonstrates the strong, positive correlation of both response time and the number of times a message is edited to deceitful responses. The software developed became the heart of the kiosk. The second study evaluated changing human decision-making by including influence tactics in decision aids (41 participants). This paper-based decision experiment showed that framing decision aids as appeals to individuals' values possibly change individuals' decisions and was the basis for study 4. The third study examined human-computer interaction and how SPECIES agents can change perceptions of information systems by varying appearance and demeanor (88 participants). Instantiations that had the agents embodied as males were perceived as more powerful, while female embodied agents were perceived as more likeable. Similarly, smiling agents were perceived as more likable than neutral demeanor agents. The fourth study assessed how incorporating impression management techniques into embodied conversational agents can influence human perceptions of the system (88 participants). The impression management techniques proved to be very successful in changing user perceptions. Specifically, agents that performed self-promotion were perceived as more powerful, trustworthy and expert. Agents that performed ingratiation were perceived as more attractive. In the fifth study, I used an embodied agent to interview people who had either constructed a fake bomb and packed it into a bag or had only packed clothes into a bag (60 participants). The agent used eye-tracking technology to capture pupil dilation and gaze behavior. When combined with vocal measurements, the kiosk technology was able to achieve over 93% accuracy in one trial.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Deception Detection
Embodied Conversational Agents
Intelligent Agents
Persuasive Technology
Special-Purpose, Embodied Conversational Intelligence with Environmental Sensors (SPECIES) Agents: Implemented in an Automated Interviewing Kiosk
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452732020-04-02T13:07:52Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Martinez, Oscar J.
author
Pit, Chrystel
committeemember
Garcia, Juan R.
committeemember
Schaller, Michael
2011-10-13T20:00:25Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145273
752261370
11505
This dissertation is an in-depth examination of cultural interactions between Mexican Americans and Anglos in post-World War II Houston. Today, Houston's Mexican American community ranks as the third largest in the United States. This thriving metropolis offers an urban platform through which one can understand how acceptance and celebration of ethnic cultural ways have come to form an intrinsic part of American culture. While much of the past and current literature on Mexican American history in the postwar period focuses on conflicts over desegregation and fights for equal treatment under the law, my research offers a new perspective on less confrontational cultural exchanges between Anglos and Mexican Americans. Ethnic festivals, Spanish-language radio programming, and the Mexican restaurant industry in Houston illuminate how Mexican American businessmen and women introduced aspects of Mexican culture to a large array of Houstonians and, as a consequence, how Houstonians came to accept these cultural manifestations as a natural part of the city's life. My use of English- and Spanish-language newspapers, oral histories, personal papers, business records, advertisements, photographs, and municipal, state, and federal documents allows me to explore the regular cultural exchanges and syntheses of Anglo and Mexican cultures in Texas, even during ongoing struggles for racial equality. Additionally, the surge in celebrations of Mexican ethnicity in the postwar era led to a heightened interest from national corporations in attracting and profiting from the Hispanic dollar. Ethnic festivals, radio broadcasts, and the Mexican food industry gradually opened the way for a repackaging of ethnicity as something to be consumed. By the 1980s, these cultural manifestations remained emblematic of the Mexican heritage but had also become highly marketable commodities; traditions that used to be associated solely with the Mexican American community in Houston now pointed to their increased level of incorporation into the city's cultural life. I conclude that this greater acceptance of certain aspects of Mexican culture signaled the gradual penetration of Mexican American ethnicity into American cultural ways.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Business
Festivals
Food
Houston
Identity
Mexican American
Deal with Us: The Business of Mexican Culture in Post-World War II Houston
Electronic Dissertation
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azu_etd_11505_sip1_m.pdf.txt
oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452892020-04-02T13:05:43Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Shaw, William
author
Marcos-Iga, Jose
committeemember
Gimblett, Randy
committeemember
Zamora, Francisco
committeemember
Johnson, Bruce
committeemember
Arenas, Alberto
2011-10-13T19:43:50Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145289
752261368
11503
Strategic planning in conservation of natural protected areas should include a human component, since human activity can threaten the health of the natural site. It is the competition for the resources that makes management of these areas a contentious issue. Effective education is key in resolving such issues and in ensuring that informed decisions are made concerning the uses of these valuable natural assets. This study tests this assumption in two phases.The first phase addresses the need to present a wider picture on the current state of environmental education practices in Mexico: Who is engaging in environmental education practices? How important is it for their organization? Who are they targeting and which methods and settings are they choosing and what environmental issues are they addressing? To achieve this, we administered a survey to 118 representatives from conservation and environmental education agencies and organizations in Mexico. Results show that conservation non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are taking the lead in the field of environmental education in Mexico. Education appears to be an important tool that is used widely by environmental and conservation organizations. At the same time, there seems to be a serious lack of funding.The second phase concentrates on conservation education, a specific aspect of environmental education that focuses on biodiversity issues. This is a growing field in Mexico, thanks especially to the system of Natural Protected Areas and the supporting network of conservation NGOs. This phase of the study presented a comparative analysis of perceived roles of education in the conservation of nature, between Mexico and the US and between practitioners and funders. In this phase we also compared the prescribed parameters defined by well known frameworks from academia with those perceived by education and conservation practitioners. We used a combination of online surveying and content analysis to evaluate this issue. Results illustrate that there are similarities between Mexico and the U.S., but with key differences in the target audiences, methods and settings. Funders do not consider education one of their high priorities, while practitioners do. This discrepancy may hamper the growth and maturation of conservation education in Mexico.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Best Practices
Conservation Education
Environmental Education
Funding
Mexico
Natural Protected Areas
Nonformal Conservation Education in Mexico: Characterizing Current Practices and Assessing Perceived Role, Capacities and Needs
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452922020-04-02T09:50:23Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Rios-Aguilar, Cecilia
author
Haeger, Heather Anne
committeemember
Lee, Jenny
committeemember
Deil-Amen, Regina
2011-10-13T19:50:06Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145292
752261367
11502
This research addresses how socioeconomic status impacts the ways that students with learning disabilities and their families interact with the school system and the consequences of these interactions. This will inform policy on special education, and college level services and accommodations for students with learning disabilities. In addition to exploring general patterns of college attendance for students with learning disabilities, this research will include an analysis of what factors best predict college attendance and persistence for students with learning disabilities. Specifically, the forms of capital framework including economic, social, and cultural capital along with habitus are used to understand issues of access and success in college. The primary findings of this study include a) the intersection of socioeconomic status and disability create an extreme form of stratification in college attendance for students with learning disabilities, b) each form of capital is significantly related to college attendance, c) measures of habitus are some of the strongest predictors of college attendance, d) forms of capital best predict college attendance at four-year colleges and universities and are less predictive for other forms of post-secondary education, and e) current models of college persistence may not be accurate for this population of students.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
College Access
Cultural Capital
Habitus
Learning Disability
Persistence
Social Capital
At the Intersection of Class and Disability: The Impact of Forms of Capital on College Access and Success for Students with Learning Disabilities
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452902020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Sabers, Darrell L.
author
Sun, Huaping
committeemember
Good, Thomas L.
committeemember
McCaslin, Mary
committeemember
Summers, Jessica J.
2011-10-13T19:45:34Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145290
752261365
11499
This study was designed to explore the association between diet and nutrition, physical activity, substance use, delinquent behavior, self-esteem, religiosity, relations with parents, and well-being among young adults, considering gender as a moderating variable. I used the data from Add Health to conduct both longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. The longitudinal analysis revealed that high self-esteem and religiosity during adolescence positively predicted young adults' well-being, that religiosity and good relations with parents during adolescence protected young adults from drug use, and that good relations with parents during adolescence protected young adults from property crime. The positive influence of physical activity during adolescence on well-being and the protective effect of religiosity during adolescence on property crime were particularly for young men; and the positive influence of good relations with parents during adolescence on well-being was particularly for young women. The cross-sectional analysis indicated that physical activity, high self-esteem, and good relations with parents during young adulthood positively predicted young adults' well-being, that religiosity during young adulthood protected young adults from drug use, and that high self-esteem during young adulthood protected young adults from property crime. The protective effects of good relations with parents during young adulthood on drug use and property crime were particularly for young men. Also, the cross-sectional positive effect of high self-esteem on well-being was significantly greater for females than for males. Comparisons of the longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses showed that self-esteem had a greater impact on young adults' well-being in cross-sectional than longitudinal analysis, and that the protective effect of religiosity on drug use was greater in longitudinal than cross-sectional analysis, but for males only. Implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and future research directions were also discussed.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Predictors of Young Adults' Well-being: A Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Analyses
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452912020-04-02T13:08:19Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Oglesby, Elizabeth
author
Klepek, James Matthew
committeemember
Waterstone, Marv
committeemember
Robbins, Paul
2011-10-13T19:47:19Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145291
752261364
11498
Since the 1990s, genetically modified (GM) agriculture has become a multi-billion dollar industry. Despite the rapid commercialization of GM crops in the United States, global controversy has slowed the adoption of the technology in developing countries. Yet, few studies have examined regulatory disputes outside of the United States and Europe. Debates in the United States and Europe focus on issues of human health and consumer choice. In other parts of the world, particularly Latin America, disputes center on the threats that GM agriculture poses to unique centers of biodiversity and food security, as well as issues related to bio-fuel expansion and the control over genetic resources and knowledge. My dissertation takes research on biotechnology in a new direction by analyzing the political process through which regulatory knowledge related to GM agriculture is negotiated, contested and reformulated. Guatemala is a key case to examine the politics of biotechnology regulation because despite strong US trade and transnational commercial interests, it is still illegal to grow biotech crops. The question becomes: what explains resistance to agricultural biotechnology? To address this issue, my dissertation focuses on three primary themes. First, I examine historical Mayan rural livelihood strategies within a context of political exclusion and state violence during the country's 36-year civil war. This history, in turn, informs a contemporary context characterized by the continued importance of subsistence-based corn production in the face of mounting rural inequality. Second, I contend that biotechnology regulatory debates in Guatemalan state institutions are integrally tied to a unique national context of corn biodiversity. I focus specifically on disputes between US-sponsored biotechnology regulations based on the principles of free trade and a more cautionary United Nations biosafety program. Third, I argue that resistance to agricultural biotechnology is bringing together diverse Guatemalan Mayan organizations until recently divided by the violence of the civil war. These organizations are deploying sophisticated cultural, economic and environmental knowledges that are effectively challenging efforts to commercialize GM agriculture. On a broader level, this study asserts that resistance to agricultural biotechnology is emblematic of broader struggles over the definition of legitimate knowledge in neoliberal development.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Expert knowledge
GM agriculture
Guatemala
Maize
Mayan
Social movements
Against the Grain: Biotechnology Regulation and the Politics of Expertise in Post-War Guatemala
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145291/1/azu_etd_11498_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452932020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Swindle, Timothy
author
Weirich, John R.
committeemember
Lauretta, Dante
committeemember
Boynton, William
committeemember
Chase, Clement
committeemember
Reiners, Peter
2011-10-13T19:52:18Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145293
11497
The source of potassium and argon in ordinary chondrites is determined by comparing the argon activation energies of feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine with that of the L chondrites Chico and North West Africa (NWA) 091. In addition, shock pressures of 29 to 55.8 GPa are shown to lower the activation energy of feldspar. Comparable shock pressures lowers the activation energy of pyroxene outside of error, but the variability of this value, even among unshocked samples, makes a clear distinction difficult. The effect of shock on olivine has not been investigated, by myself or others. Like many ordinary chondrites, Chico and NWA 091 have two major releases of argon, one at low temperature, and the other at high temperature. The low temperature release of Chico contains two releases, which match the activation energies of shocked and unshocked feldspar. The low temperature release of NWA 091 only contains a single release, which matches shocked feldspar. The high temperature release of both Chico and NWA 091 has an activation energy that is similar to pyroxene, but not olivine. A potassium mass balance of Chico shows that all the potassium in the meteorite is contained in feldspar, and Raman spectroscopy shows this feldspar has not been converted into a high pressure phase, indicating the high temperature release is inclusions in a high temperature mineral. This mineral is probably pyroxene based upon the activation energy, though thin sections provide evidence that feldspar is more closely associated with olivine. NWA 091 exhibits multiple isochrons, showing the presence of two nonprimordial and (probably) non-terrestrial trapped components of argon. The removal of these trapped components reveals a thermal event produced by a collisional impact on the L chondrite parent body at 475 ± 6 Ma (which supports a link between L chondrites and Ordovician fossil meteorites), as well as a similar event at ~800 Ma (which, combined with similar ages on other Solar System objects, suggests an increased impact flux at that time). Chico did not exhibit an isochron, and the age data for Chico is not reported.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Argon
Chronology
Diffusion
Impact
Isotope
Meteorites
Improvements to Argon-Argon Dating of Extraterrestrial Materials
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145293/1/azu_etd_11497_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452742020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Martin, Hubert
author
Zehnder, Rene
committeemember
Sasiàn, José
committeemember
Dallas, William
2011-10-13T20:02:58Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145274
752261363
11496
The necessity to align a multi component null corrector that is used to test the 8.4 [m] off axis parabola segments of the primary mirror of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) initiated this work. Computer Generated Holograms (CGHs) are often a component of these null correctors and their capability to have multiplefunctionality allows them not only to contribute to the measurement wavefront but also support the alignment. The CGH can also be used as an external tool to support the alignment of complex optical systems, although, for the applications shown in this work, the CGH is always a component of the optical system. In general CGHs change the shape of the illuminating wavefront that then can produce optical references. The uncertainty of position of those references not only depends on the uncertainty of position of the CGH with respect to the illuminating wavefront but also on the uncertainty on the shape of the illuminating wavefront. A complete analysis of the uncertainty on the position of the projected references therefore includes the illuminating optical system, that is typically an interferometer. This work provides the relationships needed to calculate the combined propagation of uncertainties on the projected optical references. This includes a geometrical optical description how light carries information of position and how diffraction may alter it. Any optical reference must be transferred to a mechanically tangible quantity for the alignment. The process to obtain the position of spheres relative to the CGH pattern where, the spheres are attached to the CGH, is provided and applied to the GMT null corrector. Knowing the location of the spheres relative to the CGH pattern is equivalent to know the location of the spheres with respect to the wavefront the pattern generates. This work provides various tools for the design and analysis to use CGHs for optical alignment including the statistical foundation that goes with it.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Computer Generated Holograms
Interferometer
Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Optical Alignment
USE OF COMPUTER GENERATED HOLOGRAMS FOR OPTICAL ALIGNMENT
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452752020-04-02T10:52:53Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Gibbs, Hyatt M
author
Richards, Benjamin Colby
committeemember
Peyghambarian, Nasser
committeemember
Norwood, Robert
2011-10-13T20:06:35Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145275
752261362
11493
The topic of this dissertation is photonic crystal nanocavities for semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics. For the purposes of this study, these nanocavities may be one dimensional (1D) or two dimensional (2D) in design. The 2D devices are active and contain embedded InAs quantum dots (QDs), whereas the 1D devices are passive and contain no active emitters. The 2D photonic crystal nanocavities are fabricated in a slab of GaAs with a single layer of InAs QDs embedded in the slab. When a cavity mode substantially overlaps the QD ensemble, the dots affect the linewidths of the observed modes, leading to broadening of the linewidth at low excitation powers due to absorption and narrowing of the linewidths at high excitation powers due to gain when the QD ensemble absorption is saturated. We observe lasing from a few QDs in such a nanocavity. A technique is discussed with allows us to tune the resonance wavelength of a nanocavity by condensation of an inert gas onto the sample, which is held at cryogenic temperatures. The structural quality at the interfaces of epitaxially grown semiconductor heterostructures is investigated, and a growth instability is discovered which leads to roughness on the bottom of the GaAs slabs. Adjustment of MBE growth parameters leads to the elimination of this roughness, and the result is higher nanocavity quality factors. A number of methods for optimizing the fabrication of nanocavities is presented, which lead to higher quality factors. It is shown that some fundamental limiting factor, not yet fully understood, is preventing high quality factors at wavelengths shorter than 950 nm. Silicon 1D devices without active emitters are investigated by means of a tapered microfiber loop, and high quality factors are observed. This measurement technique is compared to a cross-polarized resonant scattering method. The quality factors observed in the silicon nanocavities are higher than those observed in GaAs, consistent with our observation that quality factors are in general higher at longer wavelengths.
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microcavities
optics
photonic crystals
semiconductors
1D and 2D Photonic Crystal Nanocavities for Semiconductor Cavity QED
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452942020-04-02T10:17:06Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Medine, Peter E.
author
Lawson, Kristen Ann
committeemember
Dahood, Roger
committeemember
Zwinger, Lynda
2011-10-13T20:30:10Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145294
11492
A Catalogue of Non-Dramatic Verse by or about Women Printed in England, Scotland and Ireland, 1475-1640 aims to facilitate access to Early Modern primary texts relevant to the study of women. The catalogue provides a comprehensive listing of verse by or about women from the works in Pollard and Redgrave's A Short-Title Catalogue of Books printed in England, Scotland and Ireland and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475-1640. It also contains a verse index, a subject index, an index of dedicatees and persons addressed, a printers and publishers index, and a title and first-line index as aids to ease access to the information contained in the catalogue.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Catalogue
Poetry
STC
Verse
Women
A CATALOGUE OF NON-DRAMATIC VERSE BY OR ABOUT WOMEN PRINTED IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND, 1475-1640
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452782020-04-02T08:56:59Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Summers, Jessica
author
Shealy, Linda
committeemember
Bauman, Sheri
committeemember
Burross, Heidi Legg
2011-10-13T20:45:05Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145278
752261355
11486
Over one million high school students drop out of school each year in this country. Dropping out of school is a serious problem for the student, community, and the nation. Often dropouts are unable to compete in an increasingly technological society and face numerous consequences from their decision to leave school early including higher levels of poverty, unemployment, public assistance, incarceration, and poor health. Dropping out is a gradual process of school disengagement and related to individual, family, and school factors. In the past, it has been difficult to track individual student's progress through school and to determine accurate dropout and graduation rates. In 2005, the National Governors Association made a commitment to implement a uniform method to calculate and report graduates and dropouts as well as better data collections systems.This study intended to replicate aspects of other major studies around the county to determine the best early predictors of dropping out of school in this large school district in southern Arizona and use this information to build an early warning system. Student data were obtained from the district's Research and Accountability office for a cohort of students (n=6751) who began the ninth grade in fall 2006 and graduated or should have graduated in 2010. Data collected included general demographic information, academic data, number of schools attended, and school withdrawal codes.The intent of this research was to determine if there were statistically significant differences between dropouts and graduates in the variables collected and which variables yielded the highest effect sizes and should be included in the district's early warning system.Two analyses were used to determine significance differences between dropouts and graduates. Then four analyses were performed to determine the highest-yield variables for this district. Consistent with recent research in the field, the variables of ninth grade attendance, ninth grade English and Math grades, and GPA were the strongest predictors of student dropouts.Local educators can use this early warning information to help identify potential high school dropouts as early as possible and intervene more efficiently and effectively with these students.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
dropouts
early warning system
graduation
high school
interventions
risk factors
Building an Early Warning System to Identify Potential High School Dropouts
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452992020-04-02T13:09:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Licona, Adela C.
author
Wray, Amanda B.
committeemember
Enos, Theresa
committeemember
Kennedy, Elizabeth L.
2011-10-13T20:54:39Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145299
752261350
11482
Through open-ended interviews and oral history, this ethnographic project captures unique histories of cultivating critical race consciousness as a White subject in social contexts of continuing overt and covert racisms. The project studies the legacy of racist and prejudiced discourses in how White research participants embody, theorize, and perform White consciousness. I explore a spectrum of White consciousness that corresponds to shifting conceptualizations of racism (Jim Crow, Colorblind, and Critical Race Consciousness), unstable ideologies of activism and antiracism (reflecting whether or not and how subjects act against prejudice), and the changing politics of rhetorical practice in backstage settings (that is, how subjects represent and construct racialized realities in these discourse situations). The project concludes that storytelling can be strategically and effectively used in activist research and everyday conversation as a vehicle for positive social change to cultivate critical dialogue about and rearticulate lived histories of race, racialized identities, racial privileges, and racisms.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Critical Race Consciousness
Ethnography
Rhetoric
US Racisms
Whiteness
Lived Histories and the Changing Rhetoric of White Identity
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145299/1/azu_etd_11482_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452812020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Reagan, John
author
McPherson, Christopher
committeemember
Kupinski, Matthew
committeemember
Pau, Stanley
2011-10-13T21:21:39Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145281
752261345
11476
The deepening of scientific understanding of atmospheric aerosols figures substan¬tially into stated goals for climate change research and a variety of internationally col¬laborative earth observation missions. One such mission is the joint NASA/Centre Na¬tional d’Études Spatiales (CNES) Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, whose primary instrument is the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), a spaceborne two-wavelength, elastic-scatter li¬dar, which has been making continuous, global observations of atmospheric aerosols and clouds since June of 2006, shortly after its launch in April of the same year. The work presented in this dissertation consists of the development of an aerosol retrieval strategy to improve aerosol retrievals from lidar data from the CALIPSO mission, as well as a comprehensive formulation of accompanying aerosol models based on a thor¬ough analysis of data from an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) instrument. The retrieval methodology, known as the Constrained Ratio Aerosol Model-fit (CRAM) technique, is a means of exploiting the available dual-wavelength information from CAL¬IOP to constrain the possible solutions to the problem of aerosol retrieval from elastic-scatter lidar so as to be consistent with theoretically or empirically known aerosol models. Constraints applied via CRAM are manifested in spectral ratios of scattering parameters corresponding to observationally-based aerosol models. Consequently, accurate and rep¬resentative models incorporating various spectral scattering parameters are instrumental to the successful implementation of a methodology like CRAM. The aerosol models arising from this work are derived from measurements made by the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne HSRL instrument, which has the capability to measure both aerosol scattering parameters (i.e., backscatter and extinction) independently at 532 nm. The instrument also incorporates an elastic-scatter channel at 1064 nm, facilitating the incorporation of dual-wavelength information by way of particu¬lar constraints. The intent in developing these new models is to furnish as satisfactory a basis as possible for retrieval techniques such as CRAM, whose approach to the problem of aerosol retrieval attempts to make optimal use of the available spectral information from multi-wavelength lidar, thus providing a framework for improving aerosol retrievals from CALIPSO and furthering the scientific goals related to atmospheric aerosols.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Refinement of CALIPSO Aerosol Retrieval Models Through Analysis of Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar Data
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145281/1/azu_etd_11476_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452822020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
author
Lenhart, Stephen J.
committeemember
Ismael, Jenann
committeemember
Lavine, Shaughan
2011-10-13T21:27:55Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145282
752261343
11473
Science benefits from substantial cognitive diversity because cognitive diversity promotes scientific progress toward greater accuracy. Without diversity of goals, beliefs, and methods, science would neither generate novel discoveries nor certify representations with its present effectiveness. The revolution in geosciences is a principal case study.The role of cognitive diversity in discovery is explored with attention to computational results. Discovery and certification are inseparable. Moreover, diverse scientific groups agree convergently, and their agreements manifest an explanatory defense akin to the explanatory defense of realism. Scientists accept representations as a matter of their instrumental success in individual scientific research. Because scientists are diverse, this standard of acceptance means that widespread acceptance involves widespread instrumental success. This success is best explained through the accuracy of topics of agreement.The pessimistic induction is addressed; it fails to undermine the explanatory defense because past scientific successes don't resemble present ones in their degree of instrumental success; to make this point, instrumental success of representations of caloric and of oxygen are compared.Cognitive diversity challenges the methodological uniformity of scientific practice. Science lacks uniform methods and aims, and it ought to. It is argued that there is no sound basis for thinking that science aims. Moreover, the growth of science itself is not the growth of knowledge. Scientific communities rather than individual scientists are the main certifiers of scientific results. Hence, since knowledge requires a certifying belief formation process but the process relevant to science is not realized individually, science does not progress toward knowledge. The epistemology of science is socialized, but remains broadly realist because, even without a method of inquiry, science develops accurate representations of unobservable nature.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
diversity
scientific method
scientific progress
scientific realism
Cognitive Diversity and the Progress of Science
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453112020-04-02T11:24:36Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Field, James A.
advisor
Sierra Alvarez, Maria Reyes
author
Gomez-Rivera, Francisco
committeemember
Maier, Raina M.
committeemember
Arnold, Robert G.
2011-10-13T21:30:43Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145311
752261342
11472
The integrity of groundwater sources is constantly threatened by contaminant plumes generated by accidental gasoline leakages and leachates escaping landfills. These plumes are of concern due to their proven toxicity to living organisms. Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, volatile fatty acids, phenols, and ammonia have been found in these leachates. In addition, benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) are major components of gasoline. The lack of oxygen in groundwater makes anaerobic bioremediation desired for the treatment of groundwater contaminated with BTX and chlorinated solvents. With the objective of finding microorganisms capable of BTX and cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) degradation under anaerobic conditions for their use in permeable reactive barriers, different inocula were tested in batch experiments. Toluene was rapidly degraded by several inocula in the presence of alternative electron acceptors. Benzene and m-xylene were eliminated by few of the inocula tested after incubation periods ranging from 244 to 716 days. cis-DCE was highly recalcitrant as no degradation was observed over 440 days. Biological processes have been successfully applied for the treatment of landfill leachates as well. In an effort to provide an effective and economical alternative, an anaerobic-aerobic system was evaluated using a synthetic media simulating the organic and ammonia content of real leachates. The removal of the organic content reached 98% in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and resulted in the formation of methane. During the aerobic process, in an innovative down-flow sponge reactor, ammonia was highly transformed to nitrite and nitrate. Complete nitrification was eventually achieved.The capacity of current wastewater treatment plants for removing nanoparticles has been questioned during the last years. Nanoparticles have been incorporated into numerous applications and their presence in wastewater seems to be inevitable. A laboratory-scale secondary treatment system was set-in to study the behavior of cerium and aluminum oxide nanoparticles during wastewater treatment. The nanoparticles were highly removed, suggesting that secondary treatment is suitable for their elimination. The removal of these nanoparticles was influenced by the pH and organic content of the wastewater. Aluminum nanoparticles proved to be toxic; however the performance of the system for eliminating the organic content was recovered over time.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Anaerobic degradation
BTX
Landfill leachate
Nanoparticles
Secondary treatment
Exploration of Biological Treatment Systems for the Removal of Persistent Landfill Leachate Contaminants and Nanoparticles
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452832020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Going, Scott B.
author
Farr, Joshua Nicholas
committeemember
Chen, Zhao
committeemember
Funk, Janet
committeemember
Hoyer, Patricia
committeemember
Rankin, Lucinda
2011-10-13T21:41:38Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145283
752261339
11470
Fractures are a major public health concern and there is an urgent need to identify high-risk individuals. This study used novel approaches in bone imaging to characterize optimal skeletal development in girls and enhance our understanding of the structural and functional deficits that contribute to skeletal fragility and fracture risk during growth. The findings indicate that fracture in girls is associated with lower trabecular bone density, but not bone macro-architecture at metaphyseal regions of weight-bearing bones, which is consistent with findings reported in children at the distal radius. These findings suggest that lower trabecular density at metaphyseal regions of long bones track throughout the appendicular skeleton and may be an early marker of skeletal fragility.Obese children are overrepresented in childhood fracture cases. Nevertheless, the effects of fat on bone during growth remain unclear. This study showed that skeletal muscle was a stronger determinant of bone parameters in girls than total body adiposity, although fat mass had a persistent, albeit weak association with bone parameters. Furthermore, fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle, which is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, was inversely associated with bone strength in girls. These findings are consistent with the proposed functional model of bone development which posits that forces from muscle contractions are the main mechanical challenges to which bones adapt.Physical activity during growth is critical for optimal bone development. The findings from this study support this premise and suggest that regular physical activity enhances bone strength in girls. Nevertheless, for exercise to be accepted as an important public health osteoporosis prevention strategy, lasting adaptations must be shown. Plausible biological explanations have been offered in support of the peri-pubertal years as a "window of opportunity" for maximizing the response to exercise. Findings from this study suggest that a two year school-based high-impact jumping intervention was not an effective means to enhance bone parameters in girls. Controlled dose-response trials will be necessary to test questions regarding the types, bouts, and durations of exercise required to define the "dose" of exercise needed to elicit meaningful skeletal adaptations during growth.
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Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Adipose Tissue
Bone Strength
Female
Fracture
Muscle
Physical Activity
Influences of Soft Tissue Composition and Physical Activity on Bone Volumetric Density, Bone Geometry, and Fracture Prevalence in Young Girls
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453142020-04-02T08:46:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Ram, Sudha
author
Liu, Jun
committeemember
Goes, Paulo
committeemember
Durcikova, Alexandra
2011-10-13T21:47:01Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145314
752261336
11468
Data provenance refers to the lineage or pedigree of data, including information such as its origin and key events that affect it over the course of its lifecycle. In recent years, provenance has become increasingly important as more and more people are using data that they themselves did not generate. Tracking data provenance helps ensure that data provided by many different providers and sources can be trusted and used appropriately. Data provenance also has several other critical uses, including data quality assessment, generating data replication recipes, data security management, etc.One of the major objectives of our research is to investigate the semantics or meaning of data provenance. We describe a generic ontology of data provenance called the W7 model that represents the semantics of data provenance. Formalized in the conceptual graph formalism, the W7 model represents provenance as a combination of seven interconnected elements including "what," "when," "where," "how," "who," "which" and "why." The W7 model is designed to be general and comprehensive enough to cover a broad range of provenance-related vocabularies. However, the W7 model alone, no matter how comprehensive it is, is insufficient for capturing all domain-specific provenance requirements. We hence present a novel approach to developing domain ontologies of provenance. This approach relies on various conceptual graph mechanisms, including schema definitions and canonical formation rules, and enables us to easily adapt and extend the W7 model to develop domain ontologies of provenance. The W7 model for data provenance has been widely adopted and adapted for use within Raytheon Missile Systems and the iPlant Collaborative, as well as the US Army's ATRAP IV (Asymmetric Threat Response and Analysis Program) system.We also developed a domain ontology of provenance for Wikipedia based on the W7 model. This domain ontology enables us to extract provenance for each Wikipedia article. We present a study in which we use their provenance to assess the quality of Wikipedia articles. Assessing and guaranteeing data quality has become a critical concern that, to a large extent, determines the future success and survival of Wikipedia since the quality of Wikipedia has been continuously called into question due to various incidents of vandalism and misinformation since its launch in 2001. Our study shows that the quality of Wikipedia articles depends not only on the different types of contributors but also on how they collaborate. We identify a number of contributor roles based on the provenance. Based on the roles and provenance, our research identifies several collaboration patterns that are preferable or detrimental for data quality, thus providing insights for designing tools and mechanisms to improve Wikipedia article quality.
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Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Collaboration
Data provenance
Ontology
Wikipedia
W7 MODEL OF PROVENANCE AND ITS USE IN THE CONTEXT OF WIKIPEDIA
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452762020-04-02T13:08:19Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
McIntosh, Jennifer C
author
Schlegel, Melissa
committeemember
Meixner, Thomas
committeemember
Baker, Victor
committeemember
Martini, Anna M.
2011-10-13T20:09:03Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145276
752261374
11510
Microbial methane from subsurface organic-rich units such as coals and shale support approximately 5% of the United States and Canada's energy needs. In the deep subsurface, microbial methane is formed by the metabolism of primarily CO2, H2, and acetate by methanogens. These metabolites are the by-products of multi-step biodegradation of complex organic matter by microbial consortia. This study investigates microbial methane in the Illinois Basin, which is present in organic-rich shallow glacial sediments (surficial), Pennsylvanian coals (up to 600 m depth), and the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale (up to 900 m depth). Findings from the study show that hydrogeochemical conditions are favorable for methanogenesis in each reservoir, with a decrease in groundwater flushing rates corresponding to a decrease in average reservoir depth and an increase in carbon isotopic fractionation. The deeper reservoirs (coals and shale) were paleopasteurized, necessitating re-inoculation by methanogens. The microbes were likely advectively transported from shallow sediments into the coals and shale, where areas of microbial methanogenesis correlate with freshwater recharge. The recharge in the shale was primarily sourced from paleoprecipitation with minor contributions from glacial meltwater during the Pleistocene (4He ages). All areas sampled in the shale were affected by Pleistocene recharge, however groundwater ages in areas of microbial methanogenesis are younger (average 0.33 Ma) than areas with thermogenic methane (average 1.0 Ma). Estimates of in-situ microbial methane production rates for the shale (10-1000 TCF/Ma) are 104-106 times slower than laboratory rates. Only limited biodegradation is observed in the shale. In-situ stimulation of methane production may be most effective if aimed at increasing production of the supporting microbial consortia as well as methanogens. Trace metal concentrations in the shale are below known levels of inhibition or enhancement, with the exception of Fe, suggesting that microbial methanogenesis is not repressed by any of the measured trace metals and may be improved with the addition of Ag, Co, Cr, Ni, and Zn.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
brines
groundwater
microbial methanogenesis
New Albany Shale
Pleistocene recharge
Hydrogeologic Controls, Initiation, and In-Situ Rates of Microbial Methanogenesis in Organic-Rich Reservoirs: Illinois Basin, U.S.A.
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145276/1/azu_etd_11510_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452702020-04-02T13:08:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Gerken, LouAnn
author
Dawson, Colin Reimer
committeemember
Gómez, Rebecca
committeemember
Peterson, Mary
committeemember
Temperley, David
2011-10-13T19:33:07Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145270
752261373
11509
The human desire to explain the world is the driving force behind our species' rich history of scientific and technological advancement. The ability of successive generations to build cumulatively on the scientific progress made by their ancestors rests on the ability of individual minds to rapidly assimilate the explanatory models developed by those who came before. But is this explanatory, model-based way of thinking limited to deliberate, conscious cognition, with the larger, unconscious portion of the workings of the mind dependent on simpler mechanisms of association and prediction, or is explanation a more fundamental drive? In this dissertation I explore theoretical, empirical and computational attempts to shed some light on this question. I first present a number of theoretical advantages that model-based learning has over its associative counterparts. I focus particularly on the inferential phenomenon of \emph{explaining away}, which is difficult to account for in a model-free system of learning. Next I review some recent empirical literature which helps to establish just what mechanisms of learning are available to human infants and adults, including a number of findings that suggest that there is more to learning than mere prediction. Among these are a number of experiments suggesting that explaining away occurs in a variety of cognitive domains. Having set the stage, I report a new set of experiments, one with infants and two with adults, along with a related computational model, which provide further evidence for unconscious explaining away, and hence for some for of model-based inference, in the domain of abstract, relational pattern-learning. In particular, I find that when learners are presented with a novel environment of tone sequences, the structure of their initial experience with that environment, and implicitly the model of the environment which best accounts for that experience, influences what kinds of abstract structure can easily be learned later. If indeed learners are able to construct explanatory models of particular domains of experience which are then used to learn the details of each domain, it may undermine claims by some philosophers and cognitive scientists that asymmetries in learning across domains constitutes evidence for an innately modular organization of the mind.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Bayesian Modeling
Infant Cognition
Language Learning
Music Cognition
Statistical Learning
"Explaining-Away" Effects in Rule-Learning: Evidence for Generative Probabilistic Inference in Infants and Adults
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452692020-04-02T13:08:49Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Ffolliott, Peter F.
author
Chen, Hui
committeemember
Guertin, Phillip D.
committeemember
Gottfried, Gerald J.
committeemember
DeBano, Leonard F.
2011-10-13T19:21:57Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145269
752261372
11508
Changes in natural fire regime caused by drought, overgrazing and an aggressive fire suppression policy have caused declines in biological diversities, reduction in herbaceous productivity, "unnaturally high" tree densities, and accumulations of flammable surface fuels in the oak savannas of the Southwestern Borderlands Region. Re-introducing a more natural fire regime into the oak savannas in this region is expected to improve or reverse these landscape changes and, in doing so, improve landscape productivity and biological diversity. Twelve small watersheds in the oak savannas on the eastern slope of the Peloncillo Mountains of southwestern New Mexico were established to provide a basis to enhance the level of knowledge of the oak savanna ecosystems in the region and to determine the effects of cool-season and warm-season prescribed burning treatments on the natural resources and ecosystem functioning of oak savanna communities in the region. A wildfire on five watersheds added another dimension to the study. All of the three burning events were low severity fires. The information monitored before and after the burns consisted of hydrologic processes including streamflow and precipitation, channel sediment, side-slope soil movement (both soil erosion and soil deposition), post-fire water repellency, and ecological components including tree overstories, canopy cover, herbaceous understories, loadings of flammable fuel fractions, ground cover, and mammals and birds.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Impacts of Fire in Oak Savanna Ecosystems of the Southwestern Borderlands Region
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452952020-04-02T13:09:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Licona, Adela C.
author
Richards, Rebecca Sue
committeemember
Kimme Hea, Amy C.
committeemember
McAllister, Ken
2011-10-13T20:33:17Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145295
11491
This dissertation project examines the rhetorical performances of women who hold or have held the highest office of a nation-state. Currently, only 20 women are in such positions of political national leadership. This project asks how these women rhetorically perform--discursively, visually, and through embodied performance--their positions of power and how they are read, time again, against and with other women who have held similar positions in different geopolitical locations. Specifically, I ask how these rhetorical performances open up and/or close down the potential to confront gendered expectations of leadership. I argue that a "woman world leader" is not just a head of state, but also a symbolic heterodoxy that interrupts and reaffirms the doxa of the nation-state as an eternal structure. I analyze three rhetorical situations--autobiographies, the Council of Women World Leaders, and the nickname of "Iron Lady,"--in order to conclude that woman world leaders, as a discourse, can limit the potential for ethical rhetorical action of embodied women as world leaders. I link the function of the discourse of women world leaders to that of the "US presidency," as established by Campbell and Jamieson, in that it creates a transnational tradition of women as leaders. By researching women as world leaders, a subject of curiosity following the 2008 US Presidential campaigns, this project contributes to popular and academic discussions of power, identity, and transnational political participation at the foundation of which are writing, rhetoric, and education.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
composition
feminism
rhetoric
transnational theory
women in politics
The Council of Women World Leaders, Iron Ladies, and Daughters of Destiny: a Transnational Study of Women's Rhetorical Performances of Power
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452772020-04-02T11:04:37Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Dhaliwal, Dan S.
author
Gaertner, Fabio B.
chair
Dhaliwal, Dan S.
committeemember
Eldenburg, Leslie G.
committeemember
Bens, Daniel A.
committeemember
Cook, Kirsten A.
2011-10-13T20:35:39Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145277
752261359
11489
I examine the association between CEOs' after-tax incentives and their firms' levels of tax avoidance. Economic theory holds that firms should compensate CEOs on an after-tax basis when the expected tax savings generated from incentive alignment outweigh the incremental compensation demanded by CEOs for bearing additional tax-related compensation risk. Using publicly available data, I estimate CEOs' after-tax incentives and find a negative relation between the use of after-tax incentives and effective tax rates. While the results suggest that greater use of after-tax measures in CEO compensation leads to higher tax savings, it is possible that these savings will lead to lower pre-tax returns, or implicit taxes. Therefore, I also examine the association between the use of after-tax incentives and implicit taxes and find a positive association between the two. Finally, I find a significant positive relation between after-tax incentives and total CEO compensation, suggesting that CEOs who are compensated after-tax demand a premium for the additional risk they bear.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
CEO After-tax Compensation Incentives and Corporate Tax Avoidance
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452962020-04-02T11:25:03Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Summers, Jessica J.
author
Hernandez, Diley
chair
Summers, Jessica J.
committeemember
Good, Thomas L.
committeemember
Burross, Heidi H.
2011-10-13T20:38:55Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145296
752261357
11488
The purpose of this study was to identify significant relationships betweenidentity threat, relatedness or sense of belongingness, and academic achievement in asample of minority college students who were enrolled in an underrepresented academicfield in higher education. Our sample included 56 Hispanic students enrolled in an Organic Chemistry class at a Southwest University. Findings show that Ethnic Sense ofBelongingness positively predicted Classroom Sense of Belongingness, which in turnpredicted Effort. This relationship was also impacted by students' perceptions of Self-Efficacy to Achieve, Teacher Trust and Academic Support, and Intrinsic Motivation andKnow and Accomplish. Overall, findings highlight the influence of ethnic sense ofbelongingness at school, in achievement and motivational processes in the classroom.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Academic Achievement
Identity Threat
Motivation
Relatedness
Self-Determination Theory
An Exploration of the Relationships Among Relatedness, Identity Threat, and Academic Achievement in Minority Students in Higher Education
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145296/1/azu_etd_11488_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452972020-04-02T09:18:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Rios-Aguilar, Cecilia
author
O'Brien, Celia Laird
committeemember
Milem, Jeffrey F.
committeemember
Deil-Amen, Regina
2011-10-13T20:41:32Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145297
752261356
11487
While community college transfer students who successfully matriculate into the four-year institution enjoy high persistence and graduation rates, inequities continue to be inherent throughout the process. In order to succeed during this transition, students must employ effective help-seeking strategies that provide them with access to timely and accurate information. This study seeks to be a formal examination of these informational networks. It describes the extensity, composition and positionality of these networks as transfer students exit the community college and enter a large research-extensive university. It also studies the effect that participation in a transfer course has on these informational networks. The results imply that informational networks remain relatively similar throughout the transfer process but that certain populations, including first-generation students and females, are less likely to rely on institutional agents for information. In addition, the effects of a transfer success course appear to be short-term, although it may reap larger benefits for at-risk populations. These findings suggest that socio-academic integration theories are more relevant to community college transfer students than theories based on traditional populations who enter four-year institutions directly out of high school.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Community colleges
Informational networks
Social capital
Social networks
Transfer students
Navigating the Transition: The Informational Networks and Help-Seeking Behavior of Community College Transfer Students
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145297/1/azu_etd_11487_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452792020-04-02T13:09:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Miller, Thomas P.
author
Werner, Margaret MacGregor
committeemember
Enos, Theresa J.
committeemember
Licona, Adela C.
2011-10-13T20:47:09Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145279
752261353
11485
In this dissertation I use rhetorical analysis and draw on articulation theory, primarily as it is conceived by Stuart Hall, to analyze the ways that LGBT social movements constitute and strategically deploy macro-level identities. This research focuses on the ways that movement identities--from the gay liberation of Stonewall through the current movements for marriage and military service--are rhetorically constructed. By tracking national LGBT social-movement organizations through such dynamic changes, my analyses reveal the ways that rearticulating the identity of a social movement can help groups change strategies and identifications when activist practices are failing. This scholarship adds to existing research on the ways that social movements constitute and reconstitute their shared sense of identity in the midst of evolving social contexts and also suggests some ways that multimodal rhetorics shape the development of movements.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
INTERVENTION: (RE)ARTICULATING LGBT SOCIAL-MOVEMENT IDENTITIES
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145279/1/azu_etd_11485_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452982020-04-02T13:34:28Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Dieckmann, Carol L.
author
Boyd, Joseph Samuel
committeemember
Weinert, Ted
committeemember
Tax, Frans E.
committeemember
Nagy, Lisa
committeemember
Fares, Hanna
2011-10-13T20:51:35Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145298
752261352
11484
The eyespot of the biflagellate unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a complex organelle that facilitates directional responses of the cell to environmental light stimuli. The eyespot, which assembles de novo after every cell division and retains a distinctive association with the microtubule cytoskeleton, comprises an elliptical patch of rhodopsin photoreceptors in the plasma membrane and stacks of carotenoid-rich pigment granule arrays in the chloroplast and serves as a model for understanding how organelles are formed and placed asymmetrically in the cell. This study describes the roles of several factors in the assembly and positioning of the eyespot. Two loci, EYE2 and EYE3, define factors involved in the formation and organization of the eyespot pigment granule arrays. Whereas EYE3, a serine/threonine kinase of the ABC1 family, localizes to pigment granules, EYE2 localization corresponds to an area of the chloroplast envelope in the eyespot. These proteins play interdependent roles: EYE2 and the ChR1 photoreceptor co-position in the absence of pigment granules, and the pigment granules are required to maintain the shape and integrity of the EYE2/ChR1 patch. The miniature-eyespot locus MIN2 affects eyespot size and likely regulates the amount of material available for eyespot assembly. The MLT2 locus regulates eyespot size, number, and asymmetry. A novel locus, PEY1, modulates the position of the eyespot on the anterior-posterior axis by affecting microtubule rootlet length. A working model is developed wherein rootlet microtubule-directed photoreceptor localization establishes connections in the chloroplast envelope with EYE2, which directs the site for pigment granule array assembly, and MLT2 is proposed to negatively regulate the levels of eyespot proteins.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Chlamydomonas
eyespot
microtubule rootlet
organelle biogenesis
Eyespot Assembly and Positioning in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145298/1/azu_etd_11484_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1452802020-04-02T09:16:24Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Joens, Lynn
author
Brillhart, Crystal
committeemember
Sterling, Charles
committeemember
Day, William
committeemember
Vedantam, Gayatri
2011-10-13T20:57:18Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145280
752261349
11479
Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of food-borne gastrointestinal disease worldwide. A survey conducted in 2002-2003 showed that oysters may contain Salmonella and thus may also be a source of salmonellosis. Since oysters are commonly consumed raw, no amount of food safety education will prevent consumers from ingesting a possibly infectious dose from Salmonella contaminated oysters. The research in this dissertation employed a combination of traditional culture techniques as well as genomics-based molecular applications to explore Salmonella infection in oysters and the subsequent risk to consumers of raw oysters. A year-long survey of oysters served on the half-shell in local restaurants determined that overall 1.2% of oysters were contaminated with Salmonella. Oysters containing Salmonella were found in 7 of the 8 months surveyed and 7 of the 8 restaurants served contaminated oysters. Six different serovars were isolated, but one strain of S. Newport, as determined by matching pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns, represented 43% of the positive samples. Interestingly, this is the same strain that was predominantly isolated in the earlier survey of oysters and was also resistant to at least 7 different antimicrobials. The remainder of this dissertation work was an exploration of why this particular strain is seen so often in oyster infections. A custom microarray was used to perform a transposon site hybridization (TraSH) assay to identify genes that are necessary for S. Newport survival in the oyster. In this way, a negative selection was able to determine the genes that were necessary for S. Newport to survive in oysters. A subset of the genes identified by TraSH was selected and site-directed mutagenesis was performed to knock those genes out of LAJ160311. Oysters were infected with those mutant strains to test for their ability to survive in oysters and thereby determine the role of those individual genes in pathogenesis. The conclusions of the TraSH assay were that virulence factors that are essential for survival of Salmonella in mammalian models, particularly the type three secretion systems, may not be important in the oyster model. Motility provided by flagella was identified as a major virulence factor in oyster colonization by S. Newport.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Genetics
Oyster
Salmonella
Prevalence and Genetics of Survival of Salmonella in Oysters
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145280/1/azu_etd_11479_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453002020-04-02T07:57:27Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Jacobs, Elizabeth T.
author
Hibler, Elizabeth Anne
committeemember
Martinez, Maria E,
committeemember
Gerner, Eugene
committeemember
Hu, Chengcheng
committeemember
Thompson, Patricia
2011-10-13T21:00:31Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145300
752261348
11478
Circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are associated with risk for a variety of diseases, including colorectal cancer. It is not known what level of circulating 25(OH)D is optimal for health; however, over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin D supplements are commonly used to improve status, though their effectiveness is unknown. It is also not known if polymorphic variation in genes associated with the vitamin D endocrine system is associated with differences in vitamin D metabolite levels or colorectal neoplasia.METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of 400 IU OTC cholecalciferol on circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D. Associations between polymorphic variation in VDR, RXRA, GC, and CASR and circulating vitamin D metabolites or colorectal neoplasia were examined through analysis of the Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) and Wheat Bran Fiber (WBF) clinical trial data. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach was employed and a total of 42 VDR, 32 RXRA, 35 CASR and 25 GC tagSNPs were analyzed.RESULTS: The net change in serum 25(OH)D in the supplement versus placebo group was 2.3 ng/ml (8.5% change, P = 0.06). Principal components analyses revealed gene-level associations between RXRA and serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations (p = 0.01) as well as GC and 25(OH)D concentrations (p < 0.01). Seven individual GC polymorphisms were significantly associated with circulating measures of 25(OH)D in addition to CASR polymorphism rs1042636 and proximal colorectal neoplasia (p-value =0.02), following a multiple comparisons adjustment. The CART analysis identified rs17467825 as predictive of continuous measures of 25(OH)D. GC polymorphisms rs1555563, rs7041, and rs222029 were identified as significantly predictive of the 25 ng/ml threshold for insufficiency.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that daily 400 IU OTC cholecalciferol is sufficient to maintain baseline concentrations of 25(OH)D in healthy adults, but not to significantly increase levels in all individuals. The results also identified polymorphisms in RXRA, GC, and CASR associated with or that predict vitamin D metabolite levels or colorectal neoplasia risk. The results justify further investigation on the optimal vitamin D supplementation dose for the general population and genetic variation that may be related to circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites or colorectal neoplasia.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
clinical trial
genetic epidemiology
Supplement
Vitamin D
Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Circulating Concentration of Vitamin D Metabolites and Odds of Colorectal Neoplasia
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453092020-04-02T09:18:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Brilliant, Murray H.
author
Valenzuela, Robert Keams
committeemember
Walsh, Bruce
committeemember
Baier, Leslie J.
committeemember
Tsao, Tsu-Shuen
2011-10-13T21:19:03Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145309
752261346
11477
Melanin pigmentation is a complex trait governed by many genes. Variation in melanin pigmentation within, and between, populations makes it an important trait for assisting in physical identification of an individual in forensic investigations. Utilizing a training sample (n=789) comprised of various ethnicities and SNPs (75) in 24 genes previously implicated in human or animal pigmentation studies, I determined three-SNP multiple linear regression models that accounted for large proportions of pigmentation variation in skin (45.7%), eye color (76.4%), and hair [eumelanin-to-pheomelanin (43.2%) and total melanin (76.3%)], independent of ethnic origin. Rather than implementing stepwise regression, to ascertain the three-SNP predictive models, I devised an algorithm that is likely more robust than stepwise regression. The algorithm consisted of two steps: the first step reduced the pool of 75 SNPs to a pool of 40 by selection of SNPs that were significant (p<0.05) by one-way ANOVA; the second step enabled selection of SNPs for model incorporation based on their frequency in the best-fitted models of all possible combinations of three-SNP models (i.e., 40 choose 3).Prediction models were validated utilizing an independent cohort (n=242, test sample) that was very similar in ethnic composition to the training sample. Relative shrinkage was moderate for skin reflectance (23.4%), eye color (19.4%), and eumelanin-to-pheomelanin (37.3%) of hair, and largest for total melanin (67%) of hair. Additionally, we refined our model-building algorithm, enabling visual comparison of the frequency and co-linearity due to linkage or co-inheritance of SNPs of the best-fitted models. Application of our algorithm to the test sample yielded the same or similar models as the training sample. Two of the three SNPs composing the models were the same, with some variability in the third SNP of the model.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Forensic Science
Genetics
Human
Pigmentation
Prediction Models
QTL
Predictive Modeling for Complex Traits: Normal Human Pigmentation Variation
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453102020-04-02T13:34:28Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Fish, Suzanne K.
author
Pitezel, Todd
committeemember
Fish, Paul R.
committeemember
Mills, Barbara J.
committeemember
Reid, J. Jefferson
committeemember
Sheridan, Thomas E.
2011-10-13T21:25:44Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145310
752261344
11475
The research presented here explores why a few people left their valley-dwelling neighbors to build and live at El Pueblito on Cerro de Moctezuma, the only hilltop settlement constructed during the Casas Grandes Medio period (A.D. 1200-1450) in what is today northwest Chihuahua, Mexico. These people also constructed the only currently recognized trails to a settlement, a massive rock agricultural system and subterranean oven, and an unparalleled crowning hill summit precinct. Comparative analyses of artifacts from limited excavations at El Pueblito to four other Medio period settlements shows that in terms of ceramics, chipped stone, and ground stone, El Pueblito was an ordinary residence. However, other evidence demonstrates that El Pueblito, and more comprehensively Cerro de Moctezuma, was beyond the ordinary. Wood preference, bird wings, remains of elk, an impractical use of construction materials, an imposing use of buildings, a unique architectural style, and an untypical settlement composition support a conclusion of specialized, ideological interests. Trails and wayside shrines at Cerro de Moctezuma were physical and symbolic places that initialized perceptions of the hill. Theories of ritualization, architecture, pilgrimage, and community; ethnographic analogy; and archaeological parallels provide vantages to orient Cerro de Moctezuma within a broader ritualized landscape of interactions involving hilltop shrines, feasting ovens, ball courts, and Paquimé, the premier capital of Medio times. Cerro de Moctezuma and Paquimé each concentrated the trappings of specialization. Tangible reproductions of ritual in the hinterland, such as ovens and ball courts, are less elaborately expressed than at Paquimé. Likewise, hilltop ritual facilities are most elaborate at Cerro de Moctezuma compared to those in the hinterland. Pilgrimage to both ritual centers as well as hinterland ritual leaders are envisioned. Within a trans-regional ideology and worldview of hill settlement and use, Cerro de Moctezuma was locally crafted from a ritual mandate to reinforce and maintain central beliefs and values emanating from Paquimé and was a physical and ideological part of that great center with ritual leadership residing periodically at both places.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Casas Grandes
Hill settlement
Landscape
Medio period
Northwest Mexico
Ritual
From Archaeology to Ideology in Northwest Mexico: Cerro de Moctezuma in the Casas Grandes Ritual Landscape
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453122020-04-02T11:28:11Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Russell, Stephen T.
author
Toomey, Russell Blake
chair
Russell, Stephen T.
committeemember
Borden, Lynne M.
committeemember
Card, Noel A.
2011-10-13T21:33:24Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145312
752261340
11471
Sexual minority youth (i.e., youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or who report same-sex attractions) disproportionally experience negative mental health and academic outcomes. Yet, few studies have examined positive youth development for this population. The goal of these three manuscripts is to add new information about positive developmental contexts for sexual minority youth in order to generate ideas for intervention and prevention. More specifically, the focus of these three manuscripts is on school-based extracurricular activity involvement of sexual minority youth.Manuscript one presents results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health that compare sexual minority and heterosexual youth involvement in school-based extracurricular activities. Results documented that sexual minority youth are involved in school-based extracurricular activities at the same frequency as their heterosexual peers. For all youth, there was a small, but positive association between extracurricular activity involvement and school connectedness. School connectedness was associated with better mental health (i.e., higher self-esteem and lower depression), and these associations were stronger for sexual minority youth.Manuscript two presents results from the Preventing School Harassment Study that examine lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth involvement in Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs). GSAs are extracurricular clubs that are tailored to the needs of LGBQ youth. This study examined the concurrent associations among GSA presence, GSA membership, and participation in GSA-related social justice activities, with victimization based on sexual orientation and school-based and civic outcomes. GSA presence and participation in GSA-related social justice activities were positively associated with school belongingness and grade-point average (GPA), and GSA membership was associated with greater school belongingness. Results suggested, however, that the positive benefits of GSA presence and social justice involvement dissipate at high levels of school victimization.Manuscript three extends findings from manuscript two by examining the associations among GSA presence, GSA membership, perceived GSA effectiveness, and young adult well-being. The study utilized the Family Acceptance Project and found that the presence of a GSA, membership in a GSA, and GSA effectiveness differentially predicted LGBT young adult well-being. In some cases, these three facets of GSAs buffered the negative effect of LGBT-specific school victimization.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Academic Achievement
Extracurricular Activities
Gay-Straight Alliances
Psychosocial Well-being
Sexual Minority Youth
Victimization
Extracurricular Activity and Social Justice Involvement of Sexual Minority Youth
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145312/1/azu_etd_11471_sip1_m.pdf
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https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145312/6/azu_etd_11471_sip1_m.pdf.txt
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453132020-04-02T11:26:50Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Glickenstein, David
author
Champion, Daniel James
committeemember
Efrat, Alon
committeemember
Ercolani, Nick
committeemember
Pickrell, Doug
committeemember
Young, Andrea
2011-10-13T21:44:38Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145313
752261337
11469
Spherical, Euclidean, and hyperbolic simplices can be characterized by the dihedral angles on their codimension-two faces. These characterizations analyze the Gram matrix, a matrix with entries given by cosines of dihedral angles. Hyperideal hyperbolic simplices are non-compact generalizations of hyperbolic simplices wherein the vertices lie outside hyperbolic space. We extend recent characterization results to include fully general hyperideal simplices. Our analysis utilizes the Gram matrix, however we use inversive distances instead of dihedral angles to accommodate fully general hyperideal simplices.For two-dimensional triangulations, an angle structure is an assignment of three face angles to each triangle. An angle structure permits a globally consistent scaling provided the faces can be simultaneously scaled so that any two contiguous faces assign the same length to their common edge. We show that a class of symmetric Euclidean angle structures permits globally consistent scalings. We develop a notion of virtual scaling to accommodate spherical and hyperbolic triangles of differing curvatures and show that a class of symmetric spherical and hyperbolic angle structures permit globally consistent virtual scalings.The double tetrahedron is a triangulation of the three-sphere obtained by gluing two congruent tetrahedra along their boundaries. The pentachoron is a triangulation of the three-sphere obtained from the boundary of the 4-simplex. As piecewise flat manifolds, the geometries of the double tetrahedron and pentachoron are determined by edge lengths that gives rise to a notion of a metric. We study notions of Einstein metrics on the double tetrahedron and pentachoron. Our analysis utilizes Regge's Einstein-Hilbert functional, a piecewise flat analogue of the Einstein-Hilbert (or total scalar curvature) functional on Riemannian manifolds.A notion of conformal structure on a two dimensional piecewise flat manifold is given by a set of edge constants wherein edge lengths are calculated from the edge constants and vertex based parameters. A conformal variation is a smooth one parameter family of the vertex parameters. The analysis of conformal variations often involves the study of degenerating triangles, where a face angle approaches zero. We show for a conformal variation that remains weighted Delaunay, if the conformal parameters are bounded then no triangle degenerations can occur.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Delaunay
double tetrahedron
Einstein metric
hyperbolic
pentachoron
simplex
Mobius Structures, Einstein Metrics, and Discrete Conformal Variations on Piecewise Flat Two and Three Dimensional Manifolds
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145313/1/azu_etd_11469_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453622020-04-02T11:25:55Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Glisky, Elizabeth
author
Edmonds, Emily Charlotte
committeemember
Kaszniak, Alfred
committeemember
Rapcsak, Steven
committeemember
Ryan, Lee
2011-10-14T15:16:36Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145362
752261281
11065
Face recognition involves a number of complex cognitive processes, including memory, executive functioning, and perception. A breakdown of one or more of these processes may result in false facial recognition, a memory distortion in which one mistakenly believes that novel faces are familiar. This study examined the cognitive mechanisms underlying false facial recognition in healthy older and younger adults, patients with frontotemporal dementia, and individuals with congenital prosopagnosia. Participants completed face recognition memory tests that included several different types of lures, as well as tests of face perception. Older adults demonstrated a familiarity-based response strategy, reflecting a deficit in source monitoring and impaired recollection of context, as they could not reliably discriminate between study faces and highly familiar lures. In patients with frontotemporal dementia, temporal lobe atrophy alone was associated with a reduction of true facial recognition, while concurrent frontal lobe damage was associated with increased false recognition, a liberal response bias, and an overreliance on "gist" memory when making recognition decisions. Individuals with congenital prosopagnosia demonstrated deficits in configural processing of faces and a reliance on feature-based processing, leading to false recognition of lures that had features in common from study to test. These findings may have important implications for the development of training programs that could serve to help individuals improve their ability to accurately recognize faces.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Aging
Dementia
Face recognition
False recognition
Memory
Prosopagnosia
Cognitive Mechanisms of False Facial Recognition
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453632020-04-02T09:06:01Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Arkowitz, Harold S.
author
Carlin, Erica
committeemember
Shoham, Varda
committeemember
Sbarra, David
committeemember
Silverberg Koerner, Sue
2011-10-14T15:38:41Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145363
11254
While cognitive therapy (CT) is one of the most well-validated and widely used treatments for patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), many individuals remain symptomatic at the end of treatment or drop out prematurely (Cuijpers, van Straten, Anderson, & van Oppen, 2008; Vittengl, Clark, Dunn, & Jarrett, 2007). Evidence suggests that certain types of therapist relational styles, such as one characterized by empathy and support, are facilitative of better therapeutic outcomes (Keijsers, Schaap, & Hoogduin, 1997) and motivational interviewing (MI; Miller & Rollnick, 2002) is a therapeutic approach which emphasizes this type of relational stance. The present study examined whether cognitive therapists exhibit a relational stance that is emphasized in motivational interviewing and whether this relational stance is associated with greater symptomatic improvement in cognitive therapy for depression. The Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Skills Code (MITI; Moyers, Martin, Manuel, Miller, & Ernst, 2007), an observational coding system originated for assessing fidelity to MI, was used to assess three aspect of MI relational stance (MI Spirit, MI Adherent behaviors, and MI Nonadherent behaviors) among cognitive therapists in a randomized-controlled of CT for individuals with moderate to severe depression. Multilevel modeling was employed to examine the effect of MI relational stance on overall symptom trajectories throughout treatment and subsequent symptom reduction immediately after the use of MI relational stance. In order to rule out early symptom reduction as a potential confound, shared variance between MI relational stance and early symptom reduction was removed. The hypothesis that MI relational stance would be associated with more rapid symptom reduction was confirmed for MI Adherent behaviors but not for MI Spirit or MI Nonadherent behaviors. The prediction that initial depression severity would moderate the effect of MI relational stance on symptomatic improvement was not confirmed; however, a three-way interaction between initial depression severity, MI Adherence, and session number revealed that patients with high initial depression severity did not significantly improve through the course of therapy unless they received high MI Adherence. The hypothesis that MI relational stance in a given session would be associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms in the following sessions across the first four sessions was not confirmed. As predicted, early clinical improvement was not associated with MI relational stance in a later session, suggesting that MI relational stance was not merely an artifact of early clinical improvement. There was no support for the prediction that MI relational stance would be associated with subsequent retention in therapy or the therapeutic alliance. Overall, these findings suggest that a specific type of MI relational stance, MI Adherent behaviors, contribute to more symptomatic improvement. Implications of the role of MI relational stance in cognitive therapy are discussed.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Depression
MI
Motivational Interviewing
Therapist style
The Effect of a Motivational Interviewing Style in Cognitive Therapy for Depression
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453652020-04-02T13:09:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Morris, Richard J.
author
Princiotta, Dana Kristina
committeemember
Ghuman, Jaswinder
committeemember
Perfect, Michelle
committeemember
Johnson, Christopher
committeemember
Bechtel, Robert
2011-10-14T16:00:34Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145365
752261292
11284
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether an autism diagnosiscould be predicted by social interaction as measured by the Ghuman-Folstein Screen forSocial Interaction in conjunction with selected demographic variables (i.e., sex, age,ethnicity, mother's educational level, and socio-economic status). Univariate andbivariate analyses were conducted to explore each predictor variable and to explorepossible relationships between predictor variables and autism. Binary logistic regressionwas utilized to examine various models' ability to predict autism. The final model wasable to correctly identify 74% of the cases. The GF-SSI was the greatest predictor ofautism. The selected demographic variables were not significant predictors of autism.These results were discussed in relation to the literature on sex, age, ethnicity, maternaleducation and socio-economic status. Future directions for research were also discussed.
en
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Autism
Demographic
Prediction
Social Interaction
Young children
Predicting Autism in Young Children Based on Social Interaction and Selected Demographic Variables
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453672020-04-02T09:16:24Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Stamer, William D.
author
Millard, Lindsey Highstrom
committeemember
Vanderah, Todd W.
committeemember
Price, Theodore J.
committeemember
Vaillancourt, Richard R.
committeemember
Woodward, David F.
2011-10-14T16:11:45Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145367
752261294
11335
Prostaglandins (PG) play a major role in many endogenous processes including inflammation, labor, reproduction, and blood clotting. In the last two decades, these lipid signaling molecules have shown great potential as ocular hypotensive agents. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor in primary open-angled glaucoma (POAG), the second leading cause of blindness world-wide. Currently, prostaglandin F(2α) analogues are the most widely prescribed medications used to treat ocular hypertension. Studies have identified that almost all prostaglandin analogues exhibit anti-hypertensive effects in the eye, although they are not clinically available. Initial studies attributed the decrease in IOP observed to changes in hydraulic conductivity across the pressure-independent or uveoscleral pathway. More recent studies have shown that prostaglandin F(2α) analogues also lower IOP by affecting the pressure-dependent or trabecular pathway--the diseased tissue in POAG. Little is currently known about PG endogenous function, or the etiology of POAG. However, these studies suggest prostaglandin involvement in the maintenance of IOP in humans and identify the potential of PG analogues to treatment ocular hypertension. The research and findings presented in this dissertation address three specific aims designed to test the hypothesis that Endogenous prostaglandins, prostaglandin enzymes and prostaglandin receptors are involved in regulating conventional outflow facility. Specific aim 1 characterizes the distribution and activity of prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase (PM/PGFS) in the mouse and human eye using immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and thin layer chromatography. Using techniques in biochemistry, molecular biology and physiology, specific aim 2, identifies the presence of the PG-EP₄ receptor within the outflow pathways, and the efficacy of a selective PG-EP₄ agonist, 3,7-dithiPGE₁, is also determined. Finally, specific aim 3 identifies PG-EP4 receptor coupling and downstream signaling using in vitro assays of transfected and primary cell lines to measure cAMP accumulation after treatment with a PG-EP₄ agonist. Collectively, these studies reveal the importance of PGE₂ synthesis and signaling to the conventional outflow pathway. They identify the PG-EP₄ receptor as a regulator of aqueous outflow and provide more specific therapeutic targets for the treatment of POAG.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Glaucoma
Outflow facility
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandin Involvement in the Conventional Outflow Pathway
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453852020-04-02T13:09:15Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Philipossian, Ara
author
Meled, Anand
committeemember
Blowers, Paul
committeemember
Sorooshian, Armin
committeemember
Raghavan, Srini
2011-10-14T16:16:47Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145385
752261297
11348
This dissertation presents a series of studies relating to optimization of kinematics and consumables during chemical mechanical planarization processes. These are also evaluated with the purpose of minimizing environmental and cost of ownership impacts.In order to study diamond micro-wear and substrate wear during planarization processes, a series of static etch tests and wear tests were performed using different types of diamond discs and subjected to various treatments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Membrane Spectroscopy (ICPMS) were used to estimate the extent of diamond micro-wear and substrate wear.Next, the impact of various factors (type of slurry abrasive, pH, abrasive content and abrasive concentration) on pad wear rate during planarization process was studied. Another study in this dissertation focuses on the development of a novel technique of using coefficient of friction (COF) data to distinguish between good and bad diamond discs. This study made use of the innovative tool diamond disc dragging device (DDD-100) designed and developed for the purpose of this study.It is known that the performance of chemical mechanical planarization depends significantly on the polishing pad grooving type and the kinematics involved in the process. Variations in pad grooving type as well as pressure and sliding velocity can affect polishing performance. One study in this dissertation investigates the effect of pressure and sliding velocity on the polishing performance. The study is conducted on multiple pressure and sliding velocity variations to understand the characteristic of each condition. A subsequent study focuses on the impact of pad grooving type on polishing performance.The greatest contribution of this dissertation involves development of the novel slurry injector to optimize the utilization of slurry during planarization processes. Slurry is a critical component in chemical mechanical planarization processes and accounts for approximately 50 percent of the cost of ownership (CoO). The novel injector apart from reducing the consumption of slurry, also contributed in addressing problems associated with foaming, reduced the number of defects and achieved better within wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU).
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Chemical Mechanical Planarization
Coefficient of Friction
Diamond Disc
Pad Wear Rate
Removal Rate
Slurry Injector
Optimization of Polishing Kinematics and Consumables during Chemical Mechanical Planarization Processes
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453862020-04-02T11:33:03Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Andrews, Gregory R.
advisor
Hartman, John H.
author
Perianayagam, Somasundaram
committeemember
Debray, Saumya K.
committeemember
Gniady, Christopher
2011-10-14T16:21:38Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145386
752261301
11428
Computational science software experiments are hard to reproduce because external data sets could have changed, software used in the original experiment cannot be reconstructed, or the input parameters for an experiment may not be documented. We have developed a set of tools called Rex to aid in reproducing software experiments. They enable one to record an experiment and archive its apparatus, replay experiments, run new experiments on a recorded apparatus, and compare two recorded experiments. Rex can handle sequential, multiprocess, and multithreaded programs. It does not require any modification to applications or the operating system on which they execute. The implementation of the Rex tools is based on being able to trap and compare the system calls made by an experiment. This dissertation discusses the challenges in reproducing software experiments and describes Rex's design and implementation. It also evaluates the execution and space overhead of the Rex tools.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Reproducing Software Experiments
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453682020-04-02T09:18:16Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Kundu, Tribikram
author
SHELKE, AMIT BALASAHEB
committeemember
Deymier, Pierre
committeemember
Frantziskonis, George
committeemember
Kemeny, John
2011-10-14T16:26:58Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145368
752261303
11429
This dissertation deals with analytical and experimental investigations of a number of distinct problems related to defect detection in solid structures. All these problems have applications in structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). With this broad goal in mind the mode selective excitation and detection scheme for guided Lamb waves in isotropic and anisotropic plates has been investigated. Change in the time of flight technique is applied to the detection of inherent variations in material properties. Symmetric and anti-symmetric modes are resolved with orthogonal phase difference and homodyning. Noncontact Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) are developed for generation and detection of Lamb waves. Its interaction with circular defects having dimensions comparable to the wavelength is investigated. Short time Fourier Transform and Hilbert Transform are applied for feature detection and identification of localization of damages. Distributed point source method (DPSM) is applied to model the scattering of acoustical wave field and to study the stress singularity in penny shaped cracks. Both experimental and numerical investigations are performed in the framework of structural health monitoring and non destructive evaluation for gaining insight in damage initiation and progression in materials.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
DAMAGE DETECTION IN SOLID STRUCTURES BY ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES-ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453892020-04-02T09:10:52Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Miranda, Katrina M.
author
Salmon, Debra J.
committeemember
Enemark, John H.
committeemember
Ghosh, Indraneel
committeemember
Glass, Richard S.
committeemember
Lichtenberger, Dennis L.
2011-10-14T16:31:24Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145389
752261304
11430
Nitric oxide (NO) has been extensively studied due to its importance as a signaling agent. More recently, the pharmacological benefits of nitroxyl (HNO) in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and alcoholism have been discovered.That HNO readily dimerizes complicates analysis and necessitates the use of donors. Diazeniumdiolates (NONOates), which can release either NO or HNO, are particularly attractive in this regard. NONOates from primary amines release HNO at physiological pH, and since the few existing examples have relatively short half-lives, a major research goal was to extend the lifetime range. The effect of amine structure on the lifetimes of ionic primary amine NONOates having the general structure Na(RN(H)[N(O)NO]) was unexpectedly small. This prompted the use of O2-protecting group methodology as an alternate method to stabilize donors toward decomposition. A detailed analysis of the decomposition mechanisms of a representative ionic primary amine NONOate and its O2-protected derivative is presented.NONOates were used as analytical tools to compare several commonly-used methods for detection of HNO. While these methods are used routinely for qualitative analysis of HNO, optimization for quantitative measurements was difficult. To improve method sensitivity, an HPLC assay using the fluorogenic reagent o-phthalaldehyde was developed, which may ultimately allow detection of endogenously-produced HNO.HNO donors such as cyanamide have been utilized in the treatment of alcoholism through the inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH), which is critical for ethanol metabolism. Cyanamide also releases cyanide, and alternate HNO donors are thus desired for this clinical use. The efficacy of NONOates in the inhibition of AlDH was assayed in purified yeast AlDH and in mouse liver homogenate. However, efficacy was limited in a mouse model, perhaps due to a lack of selective delivery. This drug discovery project provided useful information for the future development of potentially liver-selective HNO-releasing NONOates.Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of NONOates as biomedical research tools, with synthetic modifications allowing for the modulation of decomposition profiles. As analytical tools for the development of HNO detection methods and potential pharmaceuticals in the treatment of alcoholism, NONOates provide convenience and control as donors of NO and HNO.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
aldehyde dehydrogenase
diazeniumdiolate
nitric oxide
nitroxyl
NONOate
Nitric Oxide- and Nitroxyl-Releasing Diazeniumdiolates in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research Applications
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/145389/1/azu_etd_11430_sip1_m.pdf
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453902020-04-02T08:18:22Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Pyun, Jeffrey
author
Kim, Bo Yun
committeemember
Loy, Douglas A.
committeemember
Mash, Eugene E.
committeemember
Miranda, Katrina M.
2011-10-14T16:35:01Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145390
752261305
11431
This dissertation describes the preparation and characterization of magneto and electro-active hybrid nanocomposite materials. In this research, two hybrid nanocomposite materials, gold-cobalt oxide nanowires and ferrocene functional polymer brushes on electrode surface, were investigated. Polymerizations of magnetic colloidal monomers to form electro-active nanowires and ferrocene functional monomers on electrode to form electro-active polymer brushes were demonstrated. The central focus of this research is utilizing colloidal polymerization and surface-initiated polymerization to prepare electro-active hybrid nanocomposite materials for potential applications in energy storage and conversion.Colloidal polymerization has been developed as a novel synthetic methodology to prepare 1-D mesostructures via dipolar assembly and chemical reaction. This method was exploited to synthesize multicomponent 1-D nanowires by using polymer-coated ferromagnetic gold-cobalt core-shell nanoparticles as colloidal monomers. Prepared semiconductor cobalt oxide nanowires with gold inclusions exhibited enhanced optical and electrochemical properties compared to cobalt oxide nanowires. This research provided a platform in fabricating a wide range multicomponent semiconductor nanowires as new nanostructured electrodes for potential applications in energy storage and conversion. Further, self-assembled gold-cobalt core-shell nanoparticles were utilized to align novel gold nanoparticles on a substrate. This facile and template free approach enabled the linear and ring assembly of noble gold metal on a substrate.Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are key components as transparent electrodes in a number of optoelectronic devices. The modification of ITO surfaces with polymers via electropolymerization has been widely investigated to improve surface compatibility and charge injection from the interface. However, there remain challenges to prepare polymers possessing, well-defined interfacial chemistry, molecular weight, composition, and functionality. This dissertation provides a modular synthetic methodology to prepare ferrocene functional polymer brushes on ITO via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This work provided a simple model study to enable direct electrochemical and topographic characterization of well-defined polymer brushes on ITO with controlled molar mass and composition. These ITO grafted polymer brushes are also a novel model system for optoelectronic materials, where the effect of chain alignment and morphology can be correlated with electrical and electrochemical properties.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Preparation of Electro- and Magneto-Active Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453872020-04-02T11:33:03Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Wirth, Mary J.
author
Hua, Yimin
committeemember
Lichtenberger, Dennis L.
committeemember
Pemberton, Jeanne E.
committeemember
Wysocki, Vicki H.
2011-10-14T16:41:32Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145387
752261306
11433
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is demonstrated in capillaries and channels packed with sub-micron particles for the first time. Packings of silica particles were chemically stabilized by a mixture of methyltrichlorosilane and (chloromethyl)phenylethyl-trichlorosilane at a ratio of 1:20 (v/v). The silica surface was modified with polyacrylamide prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to minimize protein adsorption. It was shown that the silica surface was coated with a dense polyacrylamide layer after 4 hr polymerization with a surface coverage of acrylamide of 84 μmol/m2. Both irreversible and reversible adsorption of proteins was negligible when the proteins migrated through capillaries coated with polyacrylamide prepared by 4 hr polymerization. Capillaries packed with 900 nm silica particles eliminate the problem of unwanted hydrodynamic flow between reservoirs during IEF. A mixture of three proteins including trypsin inhibitor, carbonic anhydrase II, and myoglobin was successfully separated by IEF. The time required for focusing in the packed capillaries was increased by only a factor of 2 compared to the open capillary, giving complete focusing in less than 15 min at 200 V/cm. The packed capillaries allow the use of higher electric fields, with resolution continually increasing up to at least 1500 V/cm. Pressure-driven remobilization without an applied electric field is shown to be possible with capillary isoelectric focusing using packed capillaries. The broadening contributed by the packing during remobilization is from eddy diffusion, and it is described by its plate height, H, which is the variance per unit length: H = σ²/L = 0.64 μm. This limits the resolution to 0.1 pH units for the 2 cm capillary having a pH range of 3−10, giving a theoretical peak capacity of 47. IEF in the channels packed with 680 nm silica particles was also studied. The packings in the channels are stable after being chemically modified with a brush layer of polyacrylamide. IEF in the packed channels obtained a resolution of 0.023 pH units at 400 V/cm. The focusing was typically completed in less than 30 min. Increasing the electric field up to 1000 V/cm can continually improve the resolution of IEF in packed channels. Diffusion of proteins after electric field is removed slows down with decreasing particle size. Therefore, for the detections where remobilization is not required, the resolution can be maintained by packing the channels with smaller particles to slow down the diffusion.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Isoelectric Focusing in Capillaries and Channels Packed with Sub-Micron Silica Particles
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453882020-04-02T13:32:29Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Higgins, Charles M.
author
Melano, Timothy
committeemember
Frye, Mark A.
committeemember
Gronenberg, Wulfila
committeemember
Hildebrand, John G.
committeemember
Strausfeld, Nicholas J.
2011-10-14T16:49:13Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145388
752261307
11434
A terrestrial robotic electrophysiology platform has been developed that can hold a moth (Manduca sexta), record signals from its brain or muscles, and use these signals to control the rotation of the robot. All signal processing (electrophysiology, spike detection, and robotic control) was performed onboard the robot with custom designed electronic circuits. Wireless telemetry allowed remote communication with the robot. In this study, we interfaced directionally-sensitive visual neurons and pleurodorsal steering muscles of the mesothorax with the robot and used the spike rate of these signals to control its rotation, thereby emulating the classical optomotor response known from studies of the fly visual system. The interfacing of insect and machine can contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological processes underlying behavior and also suggest promising advancements in biosensors and human brain-machine interfaces.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
biosensors
brain-machine interfacing
insect-machine interfacing
insect vision
spike detection
visual motion
Insect-Machine Interfacing
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453792020-04-02T09:18:16Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Becker, Judith V.
author
Sisco, Melissa Marie
committeemember
Figueredo, Aurelio Jose
committeemember
Mehl, Matthias R.
committeemember
Sbarra, David E.
committeemember
Beck, Connie J.A.
2011-10-14T15:22:33Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145379
752261282
11089
Five-hundred forty four students from an urban southwestern University underwent a sexual aggression beliefs and behaviors evaluation and subsequent online intervention. Approximately three-quarters of male and female students experienced a sexual boundary violation during the past year. Though male and female students were equally as likely to experience inappropriate sexual attention and/or contact, female students were significantly more likely to experience attempted and/or completed anal and vaginal rape and significantly most frequently after an explicit verbal indication of objection such as "no." Less than 10% of persons who experienced or enacted acts that met the legal threshold of a crime reported that the act would be defined as such. Thus, it may be that a large amount of college students are incapable of identifying personal victimizations or that sexually aggressive behavior has become more normative in the typical college sexual escapade. The modalities that were implemented exceeded those previously explored (i.e. lying and manipulating the victim directly) to include the use of technology, bets or dares, sexual scare tactics, and social vengeance. When the mechanisms for sexual aggression were explored, it appeared that aggressors typically acted out due to availability of victims and difficulty controlling their sexual urges, thus, traditional awareness efforts that attempt to alter attitudes in an effort to prevent sexual aggression seem ill-fitted to the college population. However, difficulty discerning objection from consent was associated with an increased risk of victimization, self-blame for victimization, and cognitive justification for aggressive behavior. Personality played a major role in intervention receptivity; students who were conscientious were more capable of changing and sensing personal change. Feeling `changed', being high on Psychopathy, and having pre-set ideas regarding rape myths of the opposite sex or pre-existing difficulties deciphering objection from consent impeded intervention receptivity.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
boundaries
college students
human sexuality
Enhancement of Sexual Boundaries: An Online Awareness Project
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453812020-04-02T11:31:37Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Dey, Arjun
advisor
Walker, Christopher K.
author
Bussmann, Robert Shane
committeemember
Soifer, Baruch T.
committeemember
Dave, Romeel A.
committeemember
Shirley, Yancy L.
2011-10-14T15:27:34Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145381
11251
I use observational evidence to examine the nature and role in galaxy evolution of a population of dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) at z ∼ 2. These objects are selected with the Spitzer Space Telescope, are bright in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) but faint in the optical, and contribute a significant fraction of the luminosity density in the universe at z ∼ 2. The first component of my thesis is a morphological study using high spatial resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope of two samples of DOGs. One set of 33 DOGs have mid-IR spectral features typical of an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) (called power-law DOGs), while the other set of 20 DOGs have a local maximum in their spectral energy distribution (SED) at rest-frame 1.6μm associated with stellar emission (called bump DOGs). The host galaxy dominates the light profile in all but two of these DOGs. In addition, bump DOGs are larger than power-law DOGs and exhibit more diffuse and irregular morphologies; these trends are consistent with expectations from simulations of major mergers in which bump DOGs evolve into power-law DOGs. The second component of my thesis is a study of the dust properties of DOGs, using sub-mm imaging of 12 power-law DOGs. These power-law DOGs are hyper- luminous (2 × 10¹³ L⊙) and have predominantly warm dust (T(dust) > 35 - 60 K). These results are consistent with an evolutionary sequence in which power-law DOGs represent a brief but important phase when AGN feedback heats the interstellar medium and quenches star-formation. The third component of my thesis is a study of the stellar masses and star- formation histories of DOGs, using stellar population synthesis models and broad- band photometry in the rest-frame ultra-violet, optical, and near-IR. The best-fit quantities indicate bump DOGs are less massive than power-law DOGs. The relatively low stellar masses found from this line of analysis favor a merger-driven origin for ULIRGs at z ∼ 2.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Galaxy Evolution
High Redshift
The Nature of Dust-Obscured Galaxies at z~2
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453822020-04-02T11:33:03Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Bootzin, Richard R.
author
Menke, James Michael
committeemember
Figueredo, Aurelio J.
committeemember
McKnight, Patrick E.
committeemember
Sechrest, Lee B.
2011-10-14T15:33:10Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145382
752261285
11252
This paper describes and tests a largely ignored but important preliminary step for comparative effectiveness research: retrospective evidence syntheses to first establish a knowledge base of condition-based medical conditions. By aggregating and organizing what is already known about a treatment or system, gaps in knowledge can be identified and future research designed to meet those gaps.An information synthesis process may also discover that few knowledge gaps in the knowledge base yet exist, the gaps are negligible, and / or treatment effectiveness and study quality is stable across many years, but is simply not clinically important. A consistent finding of low effectiveness is evidence against more research, including exclusion of a treatment from future comparative effectiveness studies. Though proponents of weak treatments or systems may choose to proceed with further research, use of public funds or resources that eventually increase costs to the public are unwarranted.By first establishing a treatment or system knowledge base, at least three comparative effectiveness research decisions are conceivable: (1) treatment or system should be included in future comparative effectiveness trials to establish relative effectiveness for a given condition, (2) has promise but requires more research in a prospective CER trial, or (3) the treatment is less effective than others for a given condition, making future research unnecessary. Thus, a "retroactive comparative effectiveness research method," rCER, is proposed here to identify which treatments are worth including in future prospective trials and which are known to have small to modest effect sizes and are not worth the time and expense of a closer look.The rCER method herein showed that for non-surgical low back pain any treatments did not improve greatly upon the normal and natural pain trajectory for acute low back pain. Therefore, any advantage in pain reduction by any treatment of acute low back pain over back pain's normal course of resolution without care, is quite small, and as such, the incremental cost for the marginal improvement over no treatment becomes quite large. While the quality of non-surgical low back pain studies over the past 34 years has steadily increased, the effect size has not, leading to the conclusion that future research on non-surgical low back pain treatment is unwarranted.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
comparative effectiveness research
low back pain
meta-analysis
outcomes research
psychology
spinal manipulation
Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453832020-04-02T11:24:36Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Morris, Richard J.
author
Vasquez, Christina Marie
chair
Morris, Richard J.
committeemember
Perfect, Michelle
committeemember
Liaupsin, Carl
committeemember
Levine-Donnerstein, Deborah
2011-10-14T15:46:45Z
2011
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145383
752261288
11258
Current research indicates a disproportionate number of youth having an emotional disturbance within the juvenile justice system. The purpose of the present study was to examine if recidivism can be predicted in juvenile offenders based on the youths' emotional disturbance score as measured by the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) and severity of offense at their first physical arrest, as well as their age, gender, ethnicity, and median range of income by zip code (MRoI). Following Agnew's General Strain Theory, it was hypothesized that high scores on the MAYSI-2 scales, in addition to severity of offense and specific demographic variables would predict recidivism.Participants consisted of 863 records of juvenile offenders at a juvenile court detention center in Southern Arizona. The study consisted of 70% males and 30% females, with an age range of 12 to 16 years of age and ethnic breakdown consisting of 51% Hispanics, 36% Caucasians, 9% African Americans, and 4% Native Americans. This secondary data extraction included youths who were physically arrested for the first time during the 2008-year and their recidivism rate through the 2009-year. Results through logistic regression models indicated that two of the four MAYSI-2 scales significantly predicted recidivism. Specifically, youth who scored high versus low on the Alcohol/Drug Use scale had an increased factor of 1.83 times more likely to recidivate. Youth who answered "yes" on all five items on the Traumatic Experiences scale also predicted recidivism, with an increased factor of 4.37 times more likely to recidivate. Severity of offense also predicted recidivism, as well as age and MRoI. Results were also found to be significant within certain ethnic groups but not between the ethnic groups. Implications of these findings, limitations, and areas of future research are also discussed.
en
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Demographic
Emotional
Juvenile
Offender
Offense
Recidivism
Predicting Recidivism in Juvenile Offenders by Levels of Emotional Disturbance, Severity of Offense, and Demographic Background
Electronic Dissertation
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URL
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453842020-04-02T11:25:55Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Rieke, George
author
Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar
committeemember
Bechtold, Jill
committeemember
Fan, Xiaohui
committeemember
Green, Richard
committeemember
Ozel, Feryal
2011-10-14T15:50:29Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145384
752261289
11264
I investigate methods for determining black hole accretion rates and star-formation rates in galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and use these results to identify biases in our census of black hole growth, to probe fundamental differences between obscured and unobscured AGNs, and to explore the connection between black hole growth and galaxy evolution. I show that the mid-infrared [O IV] emission line, which probes high-ionization gas and suffers little dust attenuation, is a useful diagnostic of AGN luminosity. Using [O IV] measurements for a complete sample of Seyfert galaxies, I show that the intrinsic luminosities of obscured and unobscured AGNs are quite similar. This is in contrast to the [O III] optical emission line and hard X-ray continuum luminosities, which are systematically smaller for obscured Seyferts, revealing strong biases in existing AGN surveys. I also explore the effect of AGNs on the mid-infrared aromatic features, which are useful probes of star-formation activity. I find that the 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 micron features are suppressed relative to the 11.3 micron feature in Seyfert galaxies, and show that this behavior is correlated with the strength of the rotational H2 (molecular hydrogen) emission, which traces shocked gas. This suggests that shocks associated with the AGN modify the structure of aromatic molecules, but I show that the 11.3 micron aromatic feature is robust to the effects of such shock processing, and use it to estimate nuclear star-formation rates for AGN host galaxies. I find an approximately linear relationship between black hole accretion rate and nuclear star-formation rate, and show that high-luminosity AGNs reside in galaxies with more centrally concentrated star formation. This suggests that the strength of AGN activity is driven by the amount of gas in the central few hundred parsecs, and is consistent with models where AGN activity is linked with elevated nuclear star formation.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Black Hole Growth and Star Formation in a Complete Sample of Seyfert Galaxies
Electronic Dissertation
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oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/1453642020-04-02T09:22:40Zcom_10150_129649com_10150_595895col_10150_129652
The University of Arizona Campus Repository
advisor
Fletcher, Todd
author
Morisoli, Kelly
committeemember
Maker, June
committeemember
Mather, Nancy
2011-10-14T15:55:20Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145364
752261290
11278
This researcher investigated the effects of repeated reading, performance feedback, and systematic error correction on the reading fluency of three secondary English language learners (ELLs) with a specific learning disability (SLD) in reading. A multiple baseline reversal design across subjects was used to explore the effects of repeated reading on two dependent variables: reading fluency (words read correctly per minute; wpm) and number of errors per minute (epm). Data were collected and analyzed during baseline, intervention, and maintenance probes.Throughout the baseline phase participants read a passage aloud and during intervention phases, participants read a passage aloud and received error correction feedback. During baseline, reading was followed by fluency assessments. During intervention, reading was followed by three oral repeated readings of the passage. Maintenance sessions occurred 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the intervention ended.The researcher of this study concluded that repeated reading had a positive effect on the reading abilities of ELLs with a SLD in reading. Participants read more wpm and made fewer epm. Additionally, maintenance scores were slightly varied when compared to the last day of intervention; however, maintenance scores were higher than baseline means.The researcher of this study demonstrated that repeated reading improved the reading abilities of ELLs with a SLD in reading. On maintenance probes 1, 2, and 3 weeks following intervention mean reading fluency and errors per minute remained above baseline levels. Future researchers should investigate the use of repeated reading in ELLs with a SLD in reading at various stages of reading acquisition. Further, future researchers may examine how repeated reading can be integrated into classroom instruction and assessments.
en
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
Disability
ELL
Reading Fluency
Repeated Reading
Effects of Repeated Reading on Reading Fluency of Diverse Secondary-Level Learners
Electronic Dissertation
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azu_etd_11278_sip1_m.pdf.txt
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