# Supermassive black holes in the early Universe

http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614765
Title:
Supermassive black holes in the early Universe
Author:
Melia, F. ( 0000-0002-8014-0593 ) ; McClintock, T. M.
Affiliation:
The University of Arizona
Issue Date:
2015-12-16
Publisher:
The Royal Society
Citation:
Supermassive black holes in the early Universe 2015, 471 (2184):20150449 Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science
Journal:
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science
Rights:
Collection Information:
Abstract:
The recent discovery of the ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 at redshift 6.3 has exacerbated the time compression problem implied by the appearance of supermassive black holes only $\sim 900$ Myr after the big bang, and only $\sim 500$ Myr beyond the formation of Pop II and III stars. Aside from heralding the onset of cosmic reionization, these first and second generation stars could have reasonably produced the $\sim 5-20\;M_\odot$ seeds that eventually grew into $z\sim 6-7$ quasars. But this process would have taken $\sim 900$ Myr, a timeline that appears to be at odds with the predictions of $\Lambda$CDM without an anomalously high accretion rate, or some exotic creation of $\sim 10^5\;M_\odot$ seeds. There is no evidence of either of these happening in the local universe. In this paper, we show that a much simpler, more elegant solution to the supermassive black hole anomaly is instead to view this process using the age-redshift relation predicted by the $R_{\rm h}=ct$ Universe, an FRW cosmology with zero active mass. In this context, cosmic reionization lasted from $t\sim 883$ Myr to $\sim 2$ Gyr ($6\lesssim z\lesssim 15$), so $\sim 5-20\;M_\odot$ black hole seeds formed shortly after reionization had begun, would have evolved into $\sim 10^{10}\; M_\odot$ quasars by $z\sim 6-7$ simply via the standard Eddington-limited accretion rate. The consistency of these observations with the age-redshift relationship predicted by $R_{\rm h}=ct$ supports the existence of dark energy; but not in the form of a cosmological constant.
ISSN:
1364-5021; 1471-2946
DOI:
10.1098/rspa.2015.0449
Version:
Final accepted manuscript
http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rspa.2015.0449

DC FieldValue Language
dc.contributor.authorMelia, F.en
dc.contributor.authorMcClintock, T. M.en
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-25T00:29:34Z-
dc.date.available2016-06-25T00:29:34Z-
dc.date.issued2015-12-16-
dc.identifier.citationSupermassive black holes in the early Universe 2015, 471 (2184):20150449 Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Scienceen
dc.identifier.issn1364-5021-
dc.identifier.issn1471-2946-
dc.identifier.doi10.1098/rspa.2015.0449-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10150/614765-
dc.description.abstractThe recent discovery of the ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 at redshift 6.3 has exacerbated the time compression problem implied by the appearance of supermassive black holes only $\sim 900$ Myr after the big bang, and only $\sim 500$ Myr beyond the formation of Pop II and III stars. Aside from heralding the onset of cosmic reionization, these first and second generation stars could have reasonably produced the $\sim 5-20\;M_\odot$ seeds that eventually grew into $z\sim 6-7$ quasars. But this process would have taken $\sim 900$ Myr, a timeline that appears to be at odds with the predictions of $\Lambda$CDM without an anomalously high accretion rate, or some exotic creation of $\sim 10^5\;M_\odot$ seeds. There is no evidence of either of these happening in the local universe. In this paper, we show that a much simpler, more elegant solution to the supermassive black hole anomaly is instead to view this process using the age-redshift relation predicted by the $R_{\rm h}=ct$ Universe, an FRW cosmology with zero active mass. In this context, cosmic reionization lasted from $t\sim 883$ Myr to $\sim 2$ Gyr ($6\lesssim z\lesssim 15$), so $\sim 5-20\;M_\odot$ black hole seeds formed shortly after reionization had begun, would have evolved into $\sim 10^{10}\; M_\odot$ quasars by $z\sim 6-7$ simply via the standard Eddington-limited accretion rate. The consistency of these observations with the age-redshift relationship predicted by $R_{\rm h}=ct$ supports the existence of dark energy; but not in the form of a cosmological constant.en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherThe Royal Societyen
dc.relation.urlhttp://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rspa.2015.0449en
dc.titleSupermassive black holes in the early Universeen
dc.typeArticleen
dc.contributor.departmentThe University of Arizonaen
dc.identifier.journalProceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Scienceen
dc.eprint.versionFinal accepted manuscripten